通過了解學(xué)習(xí)tomcat如何處理并發(fā)請求,了解到線程池,鎖,隊列,unsafe類,下面的主要代碼來自
java-jre:
sun.misc.Unsafe
java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor
java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.Worker
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer
java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
tomcat:
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThreadFactory
org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskQueue
ThreadPoolExecutor
是一個線程池實現(xiàn)類,管理線程,減少線程開銷,可以用來提高任務(wù)執(zhí)行效率,
構(gòu)造方法中的參數(shù)有
public ThreadPoolExecutor(
int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
}
corePoolSize 是核心線程數(shù)
maximumPoolSize 是最大線程數(shù)
keepAliveTime 非核心線程最大空閑時間(超過時間終止)
unit 時間單位
workQueue 隊列,當任務(wù)過多時,先存放在隊列
threadFactory 線程工廠,創(chuàng)建線程的工廠
handler 決絕策略,當任務(wù)數(shù)過多,隊列不能再存放任務(wù)時,該如何處理,由此對象去處理。這是個接口,你可以自定義處理方式
ThreadPoolExecutor在Tomcat中http請求的應(yīng)用
此線程池是tomcat用來在接收到遠程請求后,將每次請求單獨作為一個任務(wù)去處理,每次調(diào)用execute(Runnable)
初始化
org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint
NioEndpoint初始化的時候,創(chuàng)建了線程池
public void createExecutor() {
internalExecutor = true;
TaskQueue taskqueue = new TaskQueue();
//TaskQueue無界隊列,可以一直添加,因此handler 等同于無效
TaskThreadFactory tf = new TaskThreadFactory(getName() + "-exec-", daemon, getThreadPriority());
executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(getMinSpareThreads(), getMaxThreads(), 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,taskqueue, tf);
taskqueue.setParent( (ThreadPoolExecutor) executor);
}
在線程池創(chuàng)建時,調(diào)用prestartAllCoreThreads(), 初始化核心工作線程worker,并啟動
public int prestartAllCoreThreads() {
int n = 0;
while (addWorker(null, true))
++n;
return n;
}
當addWorker 數(shù)量等于corePoolSize時,addWorker(null,ture)會返回false,停止worker工作線程的創(chuàng)建
提交任務(wù)到隊列
每次客戶端過來請求(http),就會提交一次處理任務(wù),
worker 從隊列中獲取任務(wù)運行,下面是任務(wù)放入隊列的邏輯代碼
ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(Runnable) 提交任務(wù):
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int c = ctl.get();
// worker數(shù) 是否小于 核心線程數(shù) tomcat中初始化后,一般不滿足第一個條件,不會addWorker
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
// workQueue.offer(command),將任務(wù)添加到隊列,
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
workQueue.offer(command) 完成了任務(wù)的提交(在tomcat處理遠程http請求時)。
workQueue.offer
TaskQueue 是 BlockingQueue 具體實現(xiàn)類,workQueue.offer(command)實際代碼:
public boolean offer(E e) {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
if (count.get() == capacity)
return false;
int c = -1;
Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock();
try {
if (count.get() < capacity) {
enqueue(node); //此處將任務(wù)添加到隊列
c = count.getAndIncrement();
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
}
} finally {
putLock.unlock();
}
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
return c >= 0;
}
// 添加任務(wù)到隊列
/**
* Links node at end of queue.
*
* @param node the node
*/
private void enqueue(Node<E> node) {
// assert putLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
// assert last.next == null;
last = last.next = node; //鏈表結(jié)構(gòu) last.next = node; last = node
}
之后是worker的工作,worker在run方法中通過去getTask()獲取此處提交的任務(wù),并執(zhí)行完成任務(wù)。
線程池如何處理新提交的任務(wù)
添加worker之后,提交任務(wù),因為worker數(shù)量達到corePoolSize,任務(wù)都會將放入隊列,而worker的run方法則是循環(huán)獲取隊列中的任務(wù)(不為空時),
worker run方法:
/** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker */
public void run() {
runWorker(this);
}
循環(huán)獲取隊列中的任務(wù)
runWorker(worker)方法 循環(huán)部分代碼:
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) { //循環(huán)獲取隊列中的任務(wù)
w.lock(); // 上鎖
try {
// 運行前處理
beforeExecute(wt, task);
// 隊列中的任務(wù)開始執(zhí)行
task.run();
// 運行后處理
afterExecute(task, thrown);
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock(); // 釋放鎖
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
task.run()執(zhí)行任務(wù)
鎖運用
ThreadPoolExecutor 使用鎖主要保證兩件事情,
1.給隊列添加任務(wù),保證其他線程不能操作隊列
2.獲取隊列的任務(wù),保證其他線程不能同時操作隊列
給隊列添加任務(wù)上鎖
public boolean offer(E e) {
if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException();
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
if (count.get() == capacity)
return false;
int c = -1;
Node<E> node = new Node<E>(e);
final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock;
putLock.lock(); //上鎖
try {
if (count.get() < capacity) {
enqueue(node);
c = count.getAndIncrement();
if (c + 1 < capacity)
notFull.signal();
}
} finally {
putLock.unlock(); //釋放鎖
}
if (c == 0)
signalNotEmpty();
return c >= 0;
}
獲取隊列任務(wù)上鎖
private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
// ...省略
for (;;) {
try {
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take(); //獲取隊列中一個任務(wù)
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
E x;
int c = -1;
final AtomicInteger count = this.count;
final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock;
takeLock.lockInterruptibly(); // 上鎖
try {
while (count.get() == 0) {
notEmpty.await(); //如果隊列中沒有任務(wù),等待
}
x = dequeue();
c = count.getAndDecrement();
if (c > 1)
notEmpty.signal();
} finally {
takeLock.unlock(); // 釋放鎖
}
if (c == capacity)
signalNotFull();
return x;
}
volatile
在并發(fā)場景這個關(guān)鍵字修飾成員變量很常見,
主要目的公共變量在被某一個線程修改時,對其他線程可見(實時)
sun.misc.Unsafe 高并發(fā)相關(guān)類
線程池使用中,有平凡用到Unsafe類,這個類在高并發(fā)中,能做一些原子CAS操作,鎖線程,釋放線程等。
sun.misc.Unsafe
類是底層類,openjdk源碼中有
原子操作數(shù)據(jù)
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 類中就有保證原子操作的代碼
protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
// See below for intrinsics setup to support this
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
}
對應(yīng)Unsafe類的代碼:
//對應(yīng)的java底層,實際是native方法,對應(yīng)C++代碼
/**
* Atomically update Java variable to <tt>x</tt> if it is currently
* holding <tt>expected</tt>.
* @return <tt>true</tt> if successful
*/
public final native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object o, long offset,
int expected,
int x);
方法的作用簡單來說就是 更新一個值,保證原子性操作
當你要操作一個對象o
的一個成員變量offset
時,修改o.offset,
高并發(fā)下為保證準確性,你在操作o.offset的時候,讀應(yīng)該是正確的值,并且中間不能被別的線程修改來保證高并發(fā)的環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)操作有效。
即 expected 期望值與內(nèi)存中的值比較是一樣的expected == 內(nèi)存中的值 ,則更新值為 x,返回true代表修改成功
否則,期望值與內(nèi)存值不同,說明值被其他線程修改過,不能更新值為x,并返回false,告訴操作者此次原子性修改失敗。
阻塞和喚醒線程
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time); //阻塞當前線程
線程池的worker角色循環(huán)獲取隊列任務(wù),如果隊列中沒有任務(wù),worker.run 還是在等待的,不會退出線程,代碼中用了notEmpty.await()
中斷此worker線程,放入一個等待線程隊列(區(qū)別去任務(wù)隊列);當有新任務(wù)需要時,再notEmpty.signal()
喚醒此線程
底層分別是
unsafe.park() 阻塞當前線程
public native void park(boolean isAbsolute, long time);
unsafe.unpark() 喚醒線程
public native void unpark(Object thread);
這個操作是對應(yīng)的,阻塞時,先將thread放入隊列,喚醒時,從隊列拿出被阻塞的線程,unsafe.unpark(thread)喚醒指定線程。
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject
類中
通過鏈表存放線程信息
// 添加一個阻塞線程
private Node addConditionWaiter() {
Node t = lastWaiter;
// If lastWaiter is cancelled, clean out.
if (t != null && t.waitStatus != Node.CONDITION) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters();
t = lastWaiter;
}
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), Node.CONDITION);
if (t == null)
firstWaiter = node;
else
t.nextWaiter = node;
lastWaiter = node; //將新阻塞的線程放到鏈表尾部
return node;
}
// 拿出一個被阻塞的線程
public final void signal() {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
Node first = firstWaiter; //鏈表中第一個阻塞的線程
if (first != null)
doSignal(first);
}
// 拿到后,喚醒此線程
final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
LockSupport.unpark(node.thread);
return true;
}
public static void unpark(Thread thread) {
if (thread != null)
UNSAFE.unpark(thread);
}
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