規(guī)劃
master 192.168.56.2
slave 192.168.56.5
1、在主庫上,設(shè)置一個(gè)復(fù)制使用的賬戶rep1,并授予REPLICATION SLAVE權(quán)限。
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep1'@'192.168.56.2' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2、修改主數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的配置文件my.cnf,開啟BINLOG,并設(shè)置server-id的值。這兩個(gè)參數(shù)的修改需要重新啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)才可以生效。
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=/home/mysql/log/mysql-bin.log
server-id=1
[root@rhel6 ~]# service mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
3、在主庫上,設(shè)置讀鎖定有效,這個(gè)操作是為了確保沒有數(shù)據(jù)庫操作,以便獲得一個(gè)一致性的快照。
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
4、得到主庫上當(dāng)前的二進(jìn)制日志名和偏移量值。這個(gè)操作的目的是為了從數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動以后,從這個(gè)點(diǎn)開始進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的恢復(fù)。
mysql> show master status;
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysqlbin.000021 | 120 | | | |
+-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
5、現(xiàn)在主數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器已經(jīng)停止了更新操作,需要生成主數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份,備份的方式有很多種,可以直接在操作系統(tǒng)下復(fù)制全部的數(shù)據(jù)文件到從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上,也可以通過mysqldump導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)或者使用ibbackup工具進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份。如果主數(shù)據(jù)庫的服務(wù)可以停止,那么直接復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)文件應(yīng)該是最快的生成快照的方法:
[root@rhel6 lib]# tar -zcvf mysql.tar.gz mysql
mysql/
tar: mysql/mysql.sock: socket ignored
mysql/mysqlbin.000019
mysql/test1/
mysql/test1/db.opt
mysql/test1/pack.MYD
mysql/test1/myisam2.frm
mysql/test1/emp.ibd
mysql/test1/mer_myisam.MRG
mysql/test1/emp.frm
mysql/test1/pri_t.TRG
....
傳到從數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@rhel6 lib]# scp mysql.tar.gz root@192.168.56.5:/root
root@192.168.56.5's password:
mysql.tar.gz 100% 1402KB 1.4MB/s 00:00
6、主數(shù)據(jù)庫備份完畢后可恢復(fù)寫操作,剩下的只需要在從庫上執(zhí)行
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
7、將主數(shù)據(jù)庫的一致性備份恢復(fù)到從數(shù)據(jù)庫上。如果是使用.tar.gz打包的文件包,只需要解開到相應(yīng)的目錄即可。
tar -zxvf mysql.tar.gz
8、修改從數(shù)據(jù)庫的配置文件my.cnf,增加server-id參數(shù)。注意server-id的值必須是唯一的,不能和主數(shù)據(jù)庫的配置相同,如果有多個(gè)從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器,每個(gè)從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器必須有自己唯一的server-id值。
vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
9、在從庫上,使用--skip-slave-start選項(xiàng)啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫,這樣不會立即啟動從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)上的復(fù)制進(jìn)程,方便我們對從數(shù)據(jù)庫的服務(wù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的配置(可選)
mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start
或者修改my.cnf,添加skip-slave-start參數(shù),service mysql start
10、對從數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器做相應(yīng)設(shè)置,指定復(fù)制使用的用戶,主數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器的IP、端口以及開始執(zhí)行復(fù)制的日志文件和位置等
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='192.168.56.2',
-> master_user='rep1',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_password='123456',
-> master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021',
-> master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
11、在從庫上,啟動slave線程
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
12、從庫上查看進(jìn)程
mysql> show processlist \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 1
User: root
Host: localhost
db: zx
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: init
Info: show processlist
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 4
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 1484
State: Waiting for master to send event
Info: NULL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 5
User: system user
Host:
db: NULL
Command: Connect
Time: 739
State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Info: NULL
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.56.2
Master_User: rep1
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000021
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 652
Relay_Log_File: rhel6-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 814
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqlbin.000021
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 652
Relay_Log_Space: 987
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 3743271b-aa6d-11e6-aa2e-080027e5f5dd
Master_Info_File: /mysqldata/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running全部為YES才算搭建成功。如果出錯(cuò)查看報(bào)錯(cuò)原因。我搭建時(shí)遇到的兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤:
(1)Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
原因:搭建時(shí)把主庫整個(gè)目錄復(fù)制過來的,主庫和從庫的UUID一致了,修改從庫的UUID即可。
方法:修改$datadir/auto.cnf,按照16進(jìn)制格式隨便改一下,重啟mysql即可。
(2)Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
原因:配置change master to時(shí)把master_log_file配置錯(cuò)誤
方法:change master to master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021';start slave;即可。
13、測試復(fù)制的正確性
主庫
mysql> create database zx;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> use zx;
Database changed
mysql> create table t(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> insert into t values(1),(2),(3);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
從庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| data |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test1 |
| zx |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use zx
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from t;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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