Transcation1 | Transcation2 |
begin; — 這條sql得到test1表主鍵索引鎖共享鎖S(id=1) insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; |
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begin; — 這條sql試圖獲取test1表主鍵索引鎖共享鎖S(id=1),但是已經(jīng)被T1占有,所以它進(jìn)入鎖請(qǐng)求隊(duì)列. insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; |
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— 這條sql試圖把自己擁有的test1表主鍵索引鎖共享鎖S(id=1)升級(jí)為排它鎖X(id=1) — 這時(shí)T1也發(fā)起一個(gè)鎖請(qǐng)求,這個(gè)時(shí)候mysql發(fā)現(xiàn)鎖請(qǐng)求隊(duì)列里邊已存在一個(gè)事物T2對(duì)(id=1)的這條記錄申請(qǐng)了S鎖,死鎖產(chǎn)生了。 delete from test1 where id = 1; |
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死鎖產(chǎn)生后mysql根據(jù)兩個(gè)事務(wù)的權(quán)重,事務(wù)2的權(quán)重更小,被選為死鎖的犧牲者,rollback。 | |
T2 rollback 之后T1成功獲取了鎖執(zhí)行成功 |
Mysql 官方解釋
Deadlock occurs here because client A needs an X lock to delete the row. However, that lock request cannot be granted because client B already has a request for an X lock and is waiting for client A to release its S lock. Nor can the S lock held by A be upgraded to an X lock because of the prior request by B for an X lock. As a result, InnoDBgenerates an error for one of the clients and releases its locks. The client returns this error。
實(shí)際場(chǎng)景和mysql文檔有些區(qū)別,文檔里邊要獲取的是X鎖。具體事例里邊要獲取的是S鎖。
下面我們來(lái)具體的一步步分析下mysql的死鎖
1、MySQL常用存儲(chǔ)引擎的鎖機(jī)制
MyISAM和MEMORY采用表級(jí)鎖(table-level locking)
BDB采用頁(yè)面鎖(page-level locking)或表級(jí)鎖,默認(rèn)為頁(yè)面鎖
InnoDB支持行級(jí)鎖(row-level locking)和表級(jí)鎖,默認(rèn)為行級(jí)鎖
2、各種鎖特點(diǎn)
表級(jí)鎖:開(kāi)銷(xiāo)小,加鎖快;不會(huì)出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度大,發(fā)生鎖沖突的概率最高,并發(fā)度最低
行級(jí)鎖:開(kāi)銷(xiāo)大,加鎖慢;會(huì)出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度最小,發(fā)生鎖沖突的概率最低,并發(fā)度也最高
頁(yè)面鎖:開(kāi)銷(xiāo)和加鎖時(shí)間界于表鎖和行鎖之間;會(huì)出現(xiàn)死鎖;鎖定粒度界于表鎖和行鎖之間,并發(fā)度一般
3、各種鎖的適用場(chǎng)景
表級(jí)鎖更適合于以查詢(xún)?yōu)橹?,只有少量按索引條件更新數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用,如Web應(yīng)用
行級(jí)鎖則更適合于有大量按索引條件并發(fā)更新數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)又有并發(fā)查詢(xún)的應(yīng)用,如一些在線事務(wù)處理系統(tǒng)
4、死鎖
是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的進(jìn)程在執(zhí)行過(guò)程中,因爭(zhēng)奪資源而造成的一種互相等待的現(xiàn)象,若無(wú)外力作用,它們都將無(wú)法推進(jìn)下去。
表級(jí)鎖不會(huì)產(chǎn)生死鎖。所以解決死鎖主要還是針對(duì)于最常用的InnoDB。
5、死鎖舉例分析
在MySQL中,行級(jí)鎖并不是直接鎖記錄,而是鎖索引。索引分為主鍵索引和非主鍵索引兩種,如果一條sql語(yǔ)句操作了主鍵索引,MySQL就會(huì)鎖定這條主鍵索引;如果一條語(yǔ)句操作了非主鍵索引,MySQL會(huì)先鎖定該非主鍵索引,再鎖定相關(guān)的主鍵索引。
在UPDATE、DELETE操作時(shí),MySQL不僅鎖定WHERE條件掃描過(guò)的所有索引記錄,而且會(huì)鎖定相鄰的鍵值,即所謂的next-key locking。
例如,一個(gè)表db。tab_test,結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
id:主鍵;
state:狀態(tài);
time:時(shí)間;
索引:idx_1(state,time)
出現(xiàn)死鎖日志如下:
?***(1) TRANSACTION: ?TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read ?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 ?LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320 ?MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update ?update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任務(wù)1的sql語(yǔ)句) ?***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務(wù)1等待的索引記錄) ?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting ?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0 ?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;; ?*** (2) TRANSACTION: ?TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499 ?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 ?3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1 ?MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任務(wù)2的sql語(yǔ)句) ?*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任務(wù)2已獲得的鎖) ?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap ?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0 ?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;; ?*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任務(wù)2等待的鎖) ?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting ?Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0 ?0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; ?*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1) ?(回滾了任務(wù)1,以解除死鎖)
原因分析:
當(dāng)“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)”
執(zhí)行時(shí),MySQL會(huì)使用idx_1索引,因此首先鎖定相關(guān)的索引記錄,因?yàn)閕dx_1是非主鍵索引,為執(zhí)行該語(yǔ)句,MySQL還會(huì)鎖定主鍵索引。
假設(shè)“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)
”幾乎同時(shí)執(zhí)行時(shí),本語(yǔ)句首先鎖定主鍵索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以還需要鎖定idx_1的某些索引記錄。
這樣第一條語(yǔ)句鎖定了idx_1的記錄,等待主鍵索引,而第二條語(yǔ)句則鎖定了主鍵索引記錄,而等待idx_1的記錄,這樣死鎖就產(chǎn)生了。
6、解決辦法
拆分第一條sql,先查出符合條件的主鍵值,再按照主鍵更新記錄:
select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute); update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);
關(guān)于MySQL死鎖問(wèn)題的實(shí)例分析及解決方法就介紹到這里了,希望本次的介紹能夠?qū)δ兴斋@!
Mysql 官方文檔:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-deadlock-example.html
標(biāo)簽:雞西 萍鄉(xiāng) 貴港 酒泉 阜陽(yáng) AXB 衡水 張掖
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