使用zabbix最大的瓶頸在于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，維護(hù)好zabbix的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)，告警，就能很好地應(yīng)用zabbix去構(gòu)建監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。目前zabbix的數(shù)據(jù)主要存儲(chǔ)在history和trends的2個(gè)表中，隨著時(shí)間的推移，這兩個(gè)表變得非常大，性能會(huì)非常差，影響監(jiān)控的使用。對(duì)MySQL進(jìn)行調(diào)優(yōu)，能夠極大的提升Zabbix的性能，本文采用對(duì)MySQL進(jìn)行分區(qū)的方法進(jìn)行調(diào)優(yōu)。
對(duì)zabbix中的history和trends等表進(jìn)行分區(qū)，按日期進(jìn)行分區(qū)，每天一個(gè)，共保留90天分區(qū)。
操作影響： 可以在線操作，MySQL的讀寫(xiě)變慢，Zabbix性能變慢，影響時(shí)間根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)的小而變化，一般在2個(gè)小時(shí)左右。
#cat partition.sql
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAMEvarchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/
DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDpartition_description >= CLOCK;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a messageindicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to createthe partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",",TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" )AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADDPARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAMEVARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which tomake changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that aredates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TOget rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDCAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = "";
/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "",drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop allthe necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop thepartitions.
3. Print out the tablepartitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,@drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE
/*
No partitions are beingdeleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,"N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32),KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME,TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
SET @__interval = 1;
create_loop: LOOP
IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;
SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval *3600);
SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL *(@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
CALLpartition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
END IF;
SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
END LOOP;
SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVALKEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAMEVARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME ANDpartition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IFRETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we willstore values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate arandom partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming(ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" whenall other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL,CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ",PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (",UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE`partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 90, 24, 14);
CALLpartition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 90, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
上面內(nèi)容包含了創(chuàng)建分區(qū)的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，將上面內(nèi)容復(fù)制到partition.sql中,然后執(zhí)行如下：
MariaDB [zabbix]> showcreate table history
| history | CREATE TABLE `history` (
`itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,
`clock`int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`value`double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',
`ns`int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
KEY`history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (`clock`)
(PARTITION p201708280000 VALUES LESS THAN(1503936000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201708290000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504022400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201708300000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504108800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201708310000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504195200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709010000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504281600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709020000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504368000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709030000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504454400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709040000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504540800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709050000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504627200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709060000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504713600) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709070000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504800000) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709080000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504886400) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709090000 VALUES LESS THAN(1504972800) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709100000 VALUES LESS THAN(1505059200) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p201709110000 VALUES LESS THAN(1505145600) ENGINE = InnoDB) */ |
發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量PARTITION字段，說(shuō)明配置正確。注意觀察Mysql的Slow Query,一般到執(zhí)行操作的第二天，Slow Query幾乎就會(huì)有了，此時(shí)Zabbix的Dashboard響應(yīng)速度應(yīng)該非常流暢了。
