本文所使用的軟件及環(huán)境:
Visual Studio Ultimate 2013;
MVC5 + EF6 + .NET Framework 4.5 + LocalDB;Windows 7 x64 Professional
說(shuō)明:
1.在EF (Entity Framework,以下簡(jiǎn)稱EF6)框架下,操作數(shù)據(jù)的方式有三種:Database First, Model First, 以及 Code First,本文基于Code First創(chuàng)建。
2.本文是基于MVC5創(chuàng)建:
3.LocalDB
- LocalDB是SQL Server Express數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎的輕量級(jí)版本,其非常易于安裝、配置、以命令行啟動(dòng)并運(yùn)行在user model.
- LocalDB以一種SQL Server Express特殊的執(zhí)行模型運(yùn)行,從而使得你能夠以.mdf文件的方式來(lái)操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。如果你想使得數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)具有隨項(xiàng)目遷移的能力,你可以把LocalDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件放在web項(xiàng)目的App_Data文件夾下。
- 在SQL Server Express中雖然你能夠通過(guò)使用用戶示例功能來(lái)達(dá)到操作.mdf文件的目的,但是這種做法是不推薦的,相反,LocalDB是被推薦的方式。在Visual Studio2012及隨后的版本中,LocalDB隨Visual Studio一起默認(rèn)安裝的。
- 通常來(lái)說(shuō)SQL Server Express并不會(huì)被用于Web應(yīng)用程序的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,同樣地,LocalDB由于其并不是針對(duì)IIS而設(shè)計(jì)的也不被推薦使用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。
一、創(chuàng)建基于MVCWeb Application
在正式開(kāi)始之前,先看一下VS 2013的啟動(dòng)界面,是不是有點(diǎn)冷酷的感覺(jué)
好了,言歸正傳,首先按如下截圖創(chuàng)建
創(chuàng)建完成后,我們對(duì)網(wǎng)站的風(fēng)格做些微調(diào),以便能契合應(yīng)用主題
Views\Shared\_Layout.cshtml做如下更改(請(qǐng)看黃色高亮部分)
!DOCTYPE html>
html>
head>
meta charset="utf-8" />
meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
title>@ViewBag.Title - Contact/title>
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")
/head>
body>
div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
div class="container">
div class="navbar-header">
button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
span class="icon-bar">/span>
span class="icon-bar">/span>
span class="icon-bar">/span>
/button>
@Html.ActionLink("Contact", "Index", "Home", null, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })
/div>
div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
ul class="nav navbar-nav">
li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")/li>
li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")/li>
li>@Html.ActionLink("Contacts", "Index", "Contact")/li>
li>@Html.ActionLink("Groups", "Index", "Group")/li>
/ul>
/div>
/div>
/div>
div class="container body-content">
@RenderBody()
hr />
footer>
p>copy; @DateTime.Now.Year - Contact/p>
/footer>
/div>
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
@RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
/body>
/html>
Views\Home\Index.cshtml 替換成如下內(nèi)容
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}
div class="jumbotron">
h1>Contact/h1>
/div>
div class="row">
div class="col-md-4">
h2>Welcome to Contact/h2>
p>
Contact is a sample application that
demonstrates how to use Entity Framework 6 in an
ASP.NET MVC 5 web application.
/p>
/div>
div class="col-md-4">
h2>Build it from scratch/h2>
p>You can build the application by following the steps in the tutorial series on the following site./p>
p>a class="btn btn-default" >See the tutorial raquo;/a>/p>
/div>
/div>
運(yùn)行看一下效果吧
安裝EF6
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)模型
在Models文件夾下,分別創(chuàng)建Contact.cs、Enrollment.cs、Group.cs三個(gè)類
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace PCT.Contact.Models
{
public class Contact
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }
public virtual ICollectionEnrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace PCT.Contact.Models
{
public class Enrollment
{
public int EnrollmentID { get; set; }
public int ContactID { get; set; }
public int GroupID { get; set; }
public virtual Contact Contact { get; set; }
public virtual Group Group { get; set; }
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace PCT.Contact.Models
{
public enum GroupName
{
Friend, Family, Colleague, Schoolmate, Stranger
}
public class Group
{
public int GroupID { get; set; }
public GroupName? GroupName { get; set; }
public virtual ICollectionEnrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
}
}
PS:發(fā)現(xiàn)VS 2013有一個(gè)自動(dòng)提示reference,是不是很方便啊
創(chuàng)建Database Context
在PCT.Contact項(xiàng)目下新建文件夾DAL(Data Access Layer),繼而繼續(xù)新建CommunicationContext.cs
悲劇啊,由于類Contact和項(xiàng)目名稱Contact重復(fù),不得不寫(xiě)全稱啊,以后注意。
繼續(xù)在DAL目錄下創(chuàng)建CommunicationInitializer.cs
為了通知EF使用你創(chuàng)建的initializer class,在項(xiàng)目的web.config中添加entityFramework節(jié)點(diǎn)
entityFramework>
contexts>
context type="PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationContext, PCT.Contact">
databaseInitializer type="PCT.Contact.DAL.CommunicationInitializer, PCT.Contact" />
/context>
/contexts>
defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
providers>
provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
/providers>
/entityFramework>
在項(xiàng)目web.config中添加connectionstrings(在appSettings之上)
connectionStrings>
add name="CommunicationContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=ContactCommunication;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
/connectionStrings>
appSettings>
add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
/appSettings>
運(yùn)行結(jié)果
查看LocalDB
希望本文可以對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
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