怎樣使用tar命令打包（備份）文件？ A:The syntax of tar is: tar [options][files] The options used most often with tar are as follows: c Creates a new backup,overwriting any files already on the backup destination. x Extracts files from backup media. t Lists the contents of backup media. v Displays the name of each file being processed. f Creates backups on a specified device. u Adds files to the backup if they are not already there,or if they have been modified since they were last written on the backup. 步驟： 1）估算打包文件的大小，確定使用檔案媒體（archive media）的空間，用命令du -s 例如： $ lf a.out* fork.c mbox time.c atoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi $ du -s 296 . $ 該例顯示的296代表the total number of 512-byte blocks,計算：512*296/1024=148kilobytes. 2）制作備份，用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 .(將該目錄下的所有內(nèi)容備份到1.44英寸軟盤中where c causes a new backup to be created,v causes each file to be displayed as the backing up takes place,and f causes the subsequent argument--/dev/fd0135ds18 to be the destination of the backup.) 注：平時硬盤上的備份，我們一般用命令tar cvf filename.tar . 例如： $ tar cvf wuyd.tar . a ./.profile 2 tape blocks a ./.lastlogin 0 tape blocks a ./mbox 10 tape blocks a ./fork.c 2 tape blocks a ./memcpy.c 1 tape blocks a ./.sh_history 3 tape blocks a ./a.out 91 tape blocks a ./time.c 1 tape blocks a ./vi 169 tape blocks a ./int.c 1 tape blocks a ./atoi.c 1 tape blocks tar: same as archive file: ./wuyd.tar a ./.scoadmin.pref 1 tape blocks $ lf a.out* fork.c mbox time.c wuyd.tar atoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi 我們還可以用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 ./filename將該目錄下的名為filename的文件備份到archive media中 怎樣列出tar文檔的內(nèi)容？ A:tar tvf /dev/fd0135ds18 tar tvf filename.tar 例如： $ tar tvf wuyd.tar tar: blocksize = 20 rw-------203/50 896 Sep 17 15:07 2003 ./.profile r--------203/21 0 Sep 24 19:49 2003 ./.lastlogin rw-------203/50 4720 Sep 21 11:17 2003 ./mbox rw-r--r--203/50 583 Sep 17 15:27 2003 ./fork.c rw-r--r--203/50 218 Sep 17 20:22 2003 ./memcpy.c rw-------203/50 1474 Sep 24 20:26 2003 ./.sh_history rwxr-xr-x203/50 46224 Sep 22 21:00 2003 ./a.out rw-r--r--203/50 341 Sep 19 09:02 2003 ./time.c rw-r--r--203/50 86283 Sep 21 09:14 2003 ./vi rw-r--r--203/50 93 Sep 21 10:53 2003 ./int.c rw-r--r--203/50 144 Sep 22 21:00 2003 ./atoi.c rw-r--r-- 0/3 41 Sep 23 20:34 2003 ./.scoadmin.pref $ 怎樣從tar文檔中導(dǎo)出文件？ A:tar xvf /dev/fd0135ds18 tar xvf filename.tar 例如： $ mkdir uu;cp wuyd.tar ./uu $ lf a.out* fork.c mbox time.c vi atoi.c int.c memcpy.c uu/ wuyd.tar $ cd uu $ tar xvf wuyd.tar tar: blocksize = 20 x ./.profile, 896 bytes, 2 tape blocks x ./.lastlogin, 0 bytes, 0 tape blocks x ./mbox, 4720 bytes, 10 tape blocks x ./fork.c, 583 bytes, 2 tape blocks x ./memcpy.c, 218 bytes, 1 tape blocks x ./.sh_history, 1474 bytes, 3 tape blocks x ./a.out, 46224 bytes, 91 tape blocks x ./time.c, 341 bytes, 1 tape blocks x ./vi, 86283 bytes, 169 tape blocks x ./int.c, 93 bytes, 1 tape blocks x ./atoi.c, 144 bytes, 1 tape blocks x ./.scoadmin.pref, 41 bytes, 1 tape blocks $ 我們可用命令tar xvf /dev/fd0135ds18 ./filename導(dǎo)出archive media中的單個文件 例如： $ lf wuyd.tar $ tar xvf wuyd.tar ./time.c tar: blocksize = 20 x ./time.c, 341 bytes, 1 tape blocks $ lf time.c wuyd.tar $ 怎樣使用tar命令提供的簡寫形式？ A: $ more /etc/default/tar # @(#) def135.src 25.2 94/07/25 # # Copyright (C) 1987-1994 The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. # All Rights Reserved. # The information in this file is provided for the exclusive use of # the licensees of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. Such users have the # right to use, modify, and incorporate this code into other products # for purposes authorized by the license agreement provided they include # this notice and the associated copyright notice with any such product. # The information in this file is provided "AS IS" without warranty. # # default/tar - archive devices: tar(C) # # device block size tape # archive0=/dev/rfd048ds9 18 360 n archive1=/dev/rfd148ds9 18 360 n archive2=/dev/rfd096ds15 10 1200 n archive3=/dev/rfd196ds15 10 1200 n # archive4=/dev/rfd096ds9 18 720 n archive4=/dev/rfd0135ds9 18 720 n archive5=/dev/rfd1135ds9 18 720 n # archive5=/dev/rfd196ds9 18 720 n archive6=/dev/rfd0135ds18 18 1440 n archive7=/dev/rfd1135ds18 18 1440 n archive8=/dev/rct0 20 0 y archive9=/dev/rctmini 20 0 y archive10=/dev/rdsk/fp03d 18 720 n archive11=/dev/rdsk/fp03h 18 1440 n archive12=/dev/rdsk/fp03v21 10 20330 n # # The default device in the absence of a numeric or "-f device" argument
