目錄
- 01 MySQL Router介紹
- 02 MySQL Router的安裝部署
- 03 查看MySQL Router的元信息
01 MySQL Router介紹
前面的文章中,我們說了ReplicaSet的基本概念MySQL Shell工具以及如何使用MySQL Shell搭建Innodb Replicaset。今天我們來看InnoDB ReplicaSet部署過程中的另一個重要組件MySQL Router。
MySQL Router是什么?
為了更好的理解Innodb Replicaset,我們把之前的那張圖搬遷過來,如下:
通過上面的圖,不難看出,MySQL Router是應(yīng)用程序連接的入口,它的存在,讓底層的架構(gòu)對應(yīng)用程序透明,應(yīng)用程序只需要連接MySQL Router就可以和底層的數(shù)據(jù)庫打交道,而數(shù)據(jù)庫的主從架構(gòu),都是記錄在MySQL Router的原信息里面的。
版本
MySQL Router是MySQL官方的一款輕量級的高性能中間件,它介于應(yīng)用程序和MySQL Server之間,應(yīng)用程序通過連接MySQL Router和底層的MySQL Server之間通信,它對應(yīng)用程序是透明的。官方文檔建議搭配MySQL8.0或者M(jìn)ySQL5.7的Server使用。目前最新的版本是MySQL Router 8,如果您使用過MySQL Router的2.0或者2.1版本,強烈建議升級到MySQL Router 8。
MySQL Router特點?
1、對應(yīng)用透明。MySQL Router要做到對應(yīng)用透明,它必須連接底層的MySQL,并知道當(dāng)前哪個節(jié)點是Primary,這樣,才能夠在發(fā)生故障的時候進(jìn)行故障轉(zhuǎn)移。
2、使用場景?;谶@個特性,它可以用在Innodb Cluster、Innodb Replicaset或者M(jìn)GR的環(huán)境中。
3、MySQL Router會保留在線的MySQL實例的緩存列表,或者已經(jīng)配置好的Innodb Cluster集群的拓?fù)潢P(guān)系,除此啟動的時候,這些信息將從MySQL Router的配置表中獲取。
4、為保證緩存中的元信息能夠得到即時更新,MySQL Router需要保證至少能夠和集群中的一個正常節(jié)點保持通信,它會從當(dāng)前實例的Performance_schema表中獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫的原信息和實時狀態(tài)。
5、當(dāng)集群中和MySQL Router通信的節(jié)點關(guān)閉時,MySQL Router會嘗試訪問集群中的其他節(jié)點。并重新獲取相關(guān)元數(shù)據(jù)信息。
02 MySQL Router的安裝部署
為了獲取更好的性能,通常情況下,MySQL Router會和應(yīng)用程序部署在一起,這通常是基于下面的考慮:
1、可以通過socket套接字連接到MySQL Router,而不是tcp/ip方法
2、減少了網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的延時
3、可以配置指定的賬戶來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫,例如myapp@'host'而不是類似myapp@'%'這種全網(wǎng)段的賬號,有利于提升安全性
4、通常,相比數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器,應(yīng)用服務(wù)器更容易擴(kuò)展。
官方給的部署架構(gòu)圖如下:
下載安裝過程:
1、直接登錄官網(wǎng)下載MySQL Router的對應(yīng)版本。
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/router/
2、下載完成之后,解壓,以8.0.20為例,由于是tar.xz格式的文件,解壓命令如下:
xz -d xxx.tar.xz (解壓成tar格式)
tar xvf xxx.tar (即可)
接下來就是初始化過程了,初始化的時候,需要我們的MySQL Server部署完畢,在之前的文章中,我們已經(jīng)部署好了一個Innodb Replicaset架構(gòu),它有一主一從,IP地址分別是:
192.168.1.10 5607 Primary
192.168.1.20 5607 Secondary
初始化過程:
1、利用初始化命令初始化MySQL Router:
mysqlrouter
--bootstrap superdba@'10.13.3.129':5607
--directory /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router
--conf-use-sockets
--account routerfriend
--account-create always
這里,需要解釋一下其中的幾個參數(shù):
--bootstrap 代表引導(dǎo)的實例,后面接一個連接信息的URL;
--directory 代表生成的配置目錄
--conf-use-sockets 代表是否啟用套接字連接(是否生成套接字文件)
--account 代表初始化后MySQL Router使用什么賬號連接MySQL Server
--account-create 代表賬號創(chuàng)建策略,always代表只有在account不存在的時候才進(jìn)行bootstrap操作
這個命令敲下去之后,返回報錯信息如下:
Error: You are bootstraping as a superuser.
This will make all the result files (config etc.) privately owned by the superuser.
Please use --user=username option to specify the user that will be running the router.
Use --user=root if this really should be the superuser.
系統(tǒng)檢測到我們使用root賬號來進(jìn)行的MySQL Router初始化,提示我們?nèi)绻褂胷oot操作,需要在最后面補充--user=root
2、補充--user=root之后,重新執(zhí)行命令,結(jié)果如下:
[root mysql-router]# /usr/local/mysql-router-8.0.20/bin/mysqlrouter --bootstrap superdba@10.185.13.195:5607 --directory /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router --conf-use-sockets --account routerfriend --account-create always --user=root --force
Please enter MySQL password for superdba: # 這里輸入我們已知的superdba賬號密碼
# Bootstrapping MySQL Router instance at '/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router'...
Please enter MySQL password for routerfriend: # 這里創(chuàng)建新的account賬號的密碼
- Creating account(s)
- Verifying account (using it to run SQL queries that would be run by Router)
- Storing account in keyring
- Adjusting permissions of generated files
- Creating configuration /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlrouter.conf
# MySQL Router configured for the InnoDB ReplicaSet 'yeyz_test'
After this MySQL Router has been started with the generated configuration
$ /usr/local/mysql-router-8.0.20/bin/mysqlrouter -c /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlrouter.conf
the cluster 'yeyz_test' can be reached by connecting to:
## MySQL Classic protocol
- Read/Write Connections: localhost:6446, /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysql.sock
- Read/Only Connections: localhost:6447, /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlro.sock
## MySQL X protocol
- Read/Write Connections: localhost:64460, /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlx.sock
- Read/Only Connections: localhost:64470, /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlxro.sock
可以看到,提示我們輸入兩次密碼之后,bootstrap的操作就算成功了。
3、此時我們進(jìn)入?yún)?shù)中指定的--directory目錄中,查看生成的初始化文件,可以看到:
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 12 23:15 data
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 12 23:15 log
-rw------- 1 root root 1532 Apr 12 23:15 mysqlrouter.conf
-rw------- 1 root root 104 Apr 12 23:15 mysqlrouter.key
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 12 23:15 run
-rwx------ 1 root root 353 Apr 12 23:15 start.sh
-rwx------ 1 root root 209 Apr 12 23:15 stop.sh
生成了一些配置文件和啟停腳本,我們打開這個配置文件mysqlrouter.conf看看內(nèi)容:
# File automatically generated during MySQL Router bootstrap
[DEFAULT]
user=root
logging_folder=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/log
runtime_folder=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/run
data_folder=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/data
keyring_path=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/data/keyring
master_key_path=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlrouter.key
connect_timeout=15
read_timeout=30
dynamic_state=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/data/state.json
[logger]
level = INFO
[metadata_cache:yeyz_test]
cluster_type=rs
router_id=1
user=routerfriend
metadata_cluster=yeyz_test
ttl=0.5
auth_cache_ttl=-1
auth_cache_refresh_interval=2
[routing:yeyz_test_rw]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=6446
socket=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysql.sock
destinations=metadata-cache://yeyz_test/?role=PRIMARY
routing_strategy=first-available
protocol=classic
[routing:yeyz_test_ro]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=6447
socket=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlro.sock
destinations=metadata-cache://yeyz_test/?role=SECONDARY
routing_strategy=round-robin-with-fallback
protocol=classic
[routing:yeyz_test_x_rw]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=64460
socket=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlx.sock
destinations=metadata-cache://yeyz_test/?role=PRIMARY
routing_strategy=first-available
protocol=x
[routing:yeyz_test_x_ro]
bind_address=0.0.0.0
bind_port=64470
socket=/data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlxro.sock
destinations=metadata-cache://yeyz_test/?role=SECONDARY
routing_strategy=round-robin-with-fallback
protocol=x
4、分析生成的配置文件,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),MySQL Router配置了4個端口,分別是6446、6447、64460、64470和對應(yīng)的套接字文件。
當(dāng)然,我們可以通過一些參數(shù)的配置改變默認(rèn)的端口和套接字,例如:
--conf-use-sockets:(可選)為所有四種連接類型啟用UNIX域套接字,。
--conf-skip-tcp: (可選)禁用TCP端口,如果只希望使用套接字,則可以通過--conf-use-sockets傳遞該選項。
--conf-base-port: (可選)更改端口范圍,而不使用默認(rèn)端口。 默認(rèn)為6446。
--conf-bind-address:(可選)更改每個路由的bind_address值。
5、使用命令在本地啟動MySQL Router,指定本地生成的配置文件,命令如下:
[root@ mysql-router]# /usr/local/mysql-router-8.0.20/bin/mysqlrouter -c /data1/yazhou5/mysql/mysql-router/mysqlrouter.conf
啟動之后,我們使用剛才創(chuàng)建的routerfriend賬號以及6446這個讀寫端口來連接MySQL Router:
[root@ mysql-router]# mysql -u routerfriend -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6446 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 95696
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
routerfriend@127.0.0.1 [(none)] 23:42:00>
routerfriend@127.0.0.1 [(none)] 23:42:01>select @@port;
+--------+
| @@port |
+--------+
| 5607 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
我們通過6446端口連接MySQL Router之后,然后在MySQL Router中執(zhí)行select @@port命令查看當(dāng)前的端口號信息,可以看到,返回值是5607,說明MySQL Router已經(jīng)幫我們路由到了底層的MySQL Server上面。
這個routerfriend賬號的權(quán)限可能不夠,我們也可以換成superdba的高權(quán)限賬號去連接mysqlrouter,這樣就可以對MySQL Server中的庫表進(jìn)行讀寫操作。
03 查看MySQL Router的元信息
MySQL Router搭建完畢后,可以通過查看元信息庫mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata里面的表信息,包含cluster表、router表、以及instances表,對應(yīng)的如下:
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:51:20>select * from instances;
+-------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+-------------+
| instance_id | cluster_id | address | mysql_server_uuid | instance_name | addresses | attributes | description |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+-------------+
| 1 | 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | 192.168.1.10:5607 | 0609f966-690f-11eb-bd89-fa163ebd2444 | 192.168.1.10:5607 | {"mysqlClassic": "192.168.1.10:5607"} | {} | NULL |
| 2 | 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | 192.168.1.20:5607 | c6ba0bf0-6d4d-11eb-aa4b-b00875209c1c | 192.168.1.20:5607 | {"mysqlClassic": "192.168.1.20:5607"} | {} | NULL |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+--------------------------------------+--------------------+----------------------------------------+------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:51:30>
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:51:30>select * from clusters;
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| cluster_id | cluster_name | description | options | attributes | cluster_type | primary_mode | router_options |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
| 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | yeyz_test | Default ReplicaSet | NULL | {"adopted": 0, "opt_gtidSetIsComplete": false} | ar | pm | NULL |
+--------------------------------------+--------------+--------------------+---------+------------------------------------------------+--------------+--------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:51:57>
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:51:58>select * from routers;
+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------+---------+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+
| router_id | router_name | product_name | address | version | last_check_in | attributes | cluster_id | options |
+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------+---------+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+
| 1 | | MySQL Router | 10.13.3.129 | 8.0.20 | 2021-04-12 23:52:29 | {"ROEndpoint": "6447", "RWEndpoint": "6446", "ROXEndpoint": "64470", "RWXEndpoint": "64460", "MetadataUser": "routerfriend"} | 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | NULL |
+-----------+-------------+--------------+-------------+---------+---------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
還可以從表中查看當(dāng)前的primary節(jié)點信息,primary_master字段為1的,即為primary節(jié)點。
superdba@127.0.0.1 [mysql_innodb_cluster_metadata] 23:52:29>select * from async_cluster_members;
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| cluster_id | view_id | instance_id | master_instance_id | primary_master | attributes |
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | 2 | 1 | NULL | 1 | {"instance.address": "192.168.1.10:5607", "instance.mysql_server_uuid": "0609f966-690f-11eb-bd89-fa163ebd2444"} |
| 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | 3 | 1 | NULL | 1 | {"instance.address": "192.168.1.10:5607", "instance.mysql_server_uuid": "0609f966-690f-11eb-bd89-fa163ebd2444"} |
| 94d5f935-990e-11eb-8832-fa163ebd2444 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | {"instance.address": "192.168.1.20:5607", "instance.mysql_server_uuid": "c6ba0bf0-6d4d-11eb-aa4b-b00875209c1c"} |
+--------------------------------------+---------+-------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
以上就是MySQL Router的安裝部署的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于MySQL Router的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
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