7分鐘讀懂Go的臨時(shí)對(duì)象池pool以及其應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

type Pool struct {
 noCopy noCopy

 local  unsafe.Pointer // 本地P緩存池指針
 localSize uintptr  // 本地P緩存池大小

 // 當(dāng)池中沒(méi)有可能對(duì)象時(shí)
 // 會(huì)調(diào)用 New 函數(shù)構(gòu)造構(gòu)造一個(gè)對(duì)象
 New func() interface{}
}

func (p *Pool) Get() interface{} {
 if race.Enabled {
  race.Disable()
 }
 // 獲取本地 P 的 poolLocal 對(duì)象
 l := p.pin() 
 
 // 先獲取 private 池中的對(duì)象（只有一個(gè)）
 x := l.private
 l.private = nil
 runtime_procUnpin()
 if x == nil {
  // 查找本地 shared 池，
  // 本地 shared 可能會(huì)被其他 P 訪問(wèn)
  // 需要加鎖
  l.Lock()
  last := len(l.shared) - 1
  if last >= 0 {
   x = l.shared[last]
   l.shared = l.shared[:last]
  }
  l.Unlock()
  
  // 查找其他 P 的 shared 池
  if x == nil {
   x = p.getSlow()
  }
 }
 if race.Enabled {
  race.Enable()
  if x != nil {
   race.Acquire(poolRaceAddr(x))
  }
 }
 // 未找到可用元素，調(diào)用 New 生成
 if x == nil  p.New != nil {
  x = p.New()
 }
 return x
}

func (p *Pool) getSlow() (x interface{}) {
 // See the comment in pin regarding ordering of the loads.
 size := atomic.LoadUintptr(p.localSize) // load-acquire
 local := p.local       // load-consume
 // Try to steal one element from other procs.
 pid := runtime_procPin()
 runtime_procUnpin()
 for i := 0; i  int(size); i++ {
  l := indexLocal(local, (pid+i+1)%int(size))
  // 對(duì)應(yīng) pool 需加鎖
  l.Lock()
  last := len(l.shared) - 1
  if last >= 0 {
   x = l.shared[last]
   l.shared = l.shared[:last]
   l.Unlock()
   break
  }
  l.Unlock()
 }
 return x
}

func (p *Pool) Put(x interface{}) {
 if x == nil {
  return
 }
 if race.Enabled {
  if fastrand()%4 == 0 {
   // 隨機(jī)把元素扔掉...
   // Randomly drop x on floor.
   return
  }
  race.ReleaseMerge(poolRaceAddr(x))
  race.Disable()
 }
 l := p.pin()
 if l.private == nil {
  l.private = x
  x = nil
 }
 runtime_procUnpin()
 if x != nil {
  // 共享池訪問(wèn)，需要加鎖
  l.Lock()
  l.shared = append(l.shared, x)
  l.Unlock()
 }
 if race.Enabled {
  race.Enable()
 }
}

func poolCleanup() { 
 for i, p := range allPools {
  allPools[i] = nil
  for i := 0; i  int(p.localSize); i++ {
   l := indexLocal(p.local, i)
   l.private = nil
   for j := range l.shared {
   l.shared[j] = nil
   }
   l.shared = nil
  }
  p.local = nil
  p.localSize = 0
 }
 allPools = []*Pool{}
}

type Engine struct {
 // ... 省略了其他字段
 pool    sync.Pool
}

engine.pool.New = func() interface{} {
 return engine.allocateContext()
}

// allocateContext
func (engine *Engine) allocateContext() *Context {
 // 構(gòu)造新的上下文對(duì)象
 return Context{engine: engine}
}

// 從 pool 中獲取，并轉(zhuǎn)化為 *Context
c := engine.pool.Get().(*Context)
c.writermem.reset(w)
c.Request = req
c.reset() // reset

engine.handleHTTPRequest(c)

// 再扔回 pool 中
engine.pool.Put(c)

// pp 用來(lái)維護(hù) printer 的狀態(tài)
// 它通過(guò) sync.Pool 來(lái)重用，避免申請(qǐng)內(nèi)存
type pp struct {
 //... 字段已省略
}

var ppFree = sync.Pool{
 New: func() interface{} { return new(pp) },
}

func newPrinter() *pp {
 p := ppFree.Get().(*pp)
 p.panicking = false
 p.erroring = false
 p.fmt.init(p.buf)
 return p
}

func (p *pp) free() {
 p.buf = p.buf[:0]
 p.arg = nil
 p.value = reflect.Value{}
 ppFree.Put(p)
}