由于項(xiàng)目需要,開發(fā)一個(gè)可以上傳圖片到服務(wù)器的web表單頁面。
一、 需求
Web表單頁面,可以通過表單上傳圖片以及其他文字信息。
二、 圖片上傳的流程
之前沒有做過這類頁面,通過查詢資料。發(fā)現(xiàn)比較常見的做法,是先將圖片上傳到服務(wù)器端的某個(gè)文件目錄下,服務(wù)器向前臺(tái)返回圖片的存儲(chǔ)路徑;之后,前臺(tái)將圖片存儲(chǔ)路徑以及其他表單信息一起提交到服務(wù)器,所有的表單信息存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
三、 方法
由于項(xiàng)目需要,我這里介紹兩種圖片上傳方法,第一種是使用ajax對(duì)一個(gè)圖片直接上傳;第二種是先在前臺(tái)將圖片切割為較小的文件,之后使用ajax分別上傳圖片到服務(wù)器,服務(wù)器實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)文件的拼接。(方法二適合較大文件的上傳)下面我分別對(duì)兩種方法做介紹。
方法一: 直接上傳
1 html頁面
pre name="code" class="html">!DOCTYPE html>
head>/head>
body>
form id="uploadForm" action="/PicSubmit/form" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return submit_check()" class="bootstrap-frm" >/pre>pre name="code" class="html">input id = "sid" type = "text" name="name" />/pre>pre name="code" class="html">pre name="code" class="html">input id = "fileImage" type = "file" name="filename" />/pre>pre name="code" class="html">input id = "addressid" type = "hidden" name="address" />/pre>pre name="code" class="html">input id="ajaxsub" type="button" class="button" value="上傳圖片" onclick="fileUpload()span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">" /> /span>/pre>pre name="code" class="html">input type="submit" class="button" value="提交表單" />
input type="reset" class="button" value="重置表單" />
/pre>/body>/html>p>/p>
pre>/pre>
br>
pre>/pre>
這一部分需要注意的是,form表單的enctype屬性必須設(shè)置為“multipart/form-data”,在Html5中,如果需要多張圖片一起上傳,可以在input type="file"> 標(biāo)簽中,增加multiple屬性,例如:input type="file" id= “fileImage” multiple />。br>
br>
br>
p>/p>
p>2 js/p>
p>(1)js使用ajax提供的ajaxfileupload.js庫。這個(gè)庫使用起來還是比較方便的,和普通的ajax函數(shù)使用方法幾乎相同。首先,需要ajaxfileupload.js庫文件。這里需要注意,我之前在網(wǎng)上下載了一個(gè)ajaxfileupload.js文件不能用,浪費(fèi)了很長時(shí)間,我直接把js庫文件粘貼到這里,方便分享。/p>
p>/p>pre name="code" class="javascript">// JavaScript Document/pre>pre name="code" class="javascript">// ajax file uplaod
jQuery.extend({
createUploadIframe: function(id, uri)
{
//create frame
var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id;
if(window.ActiveXObject) {
var io = document.createElement('iframe id="' + frameId + '" name="' + frameId + '" />');
if(typeof uri== 'boolean'){
io.src = 'javascript:false';
}
else if(typeof uri== 'string'){
io.src = uri;
}
}
else {
var io = document.createElement('iframe');
io.id = frameId;
io.name = frameId;
}
io.style.position = 'absolute';
io.style.top = '-1000px';
io.style.left = '-1000px';
document.body.appendChild(io);
return io;
},
createUploadForm: function(id, fileElementId)
{
//create form
var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id;
var fileId = 'jUploadFile' + id;
var form = jQuery('form action="" method="POST" name="' + formId + '" id="' + formId + '" enctype="multipart/form-data">/form>');
var oldElement = jQuery('#' + fileElementId);
var newElement = jQuery(oldElement).clone();
jQuery(oldElement).attr('id', fileId);
jQuery(oldElement).before(newElement);
jQuery(oldElement).appendTo(form);
//set attributes
jQuery(form).css('position', 'absolute');
jQuery(form).css('top', '-1200px');
jQuery(form).css('left', '-1200px');
jQuery(form).appendTo('body');
return form;
},
ajaxFileUpload: function(s) {
// TODO introduce global settings, allowing the client to modify them for all requests, not only timeout
s = jQuery.extend({}, jQuery.ajaxSettings, s);
var id = s.fileElementId;
var form = jQuery.createUploadForm(id, s.fileElementId);
var io = jQuery.createUploadIframe(id, s.secureuri);
var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id;
var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id;
if( s.global ! jQuery.active++ )
{
// Watch for a new set of requests
jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" );
}
var requestDone = false;
// Create the request object
var xml = {};
if( s.global )
{
jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxSend", [xml, s]);
}
var uploadCallback = function(isTimeout)
{
// Wait for a response to come back
var io = document.getElementById(frameId);
try
{
if(io.contentWindow)
{
xml.responseText = io.contentWindow.document.body?io.contentWindow.document.body.innerHTML:null;
xml.responseXML = io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument?io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument:io.contentWindow.document;
}else if(io.contentDocument)
{
xml.responseText = io.contentDocument.document.body?io.contentDocument.document.body.innerHTML:null;
xml.responseXML = io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument?io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument:io.contentDocument.document;
}
}catch(e)
{
jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
}
if( xml || isTimeout == "timeout")
{
requestDone = true;
var status;
try {
status = isTimeout != "timeout" ? "success" : "error";
// Make sure that the request was successful or notmodified
if( status != "error" )
{
// process the data (runs the xml through httpData regardless of callback)
var data = jQuery.uploadHttpData( xml, s.dataType );
if( s.success )
{
// ifa local callback was specified, fire it and pass it the data
s.success( data, status );
};
if( s.global )
{
// Fire the global callback
jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxSuccess", [xml, s] );
};
} else
{
jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status);
}
} catch(e)
{
status = "error";
jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status, e);
};
if( s.global )
{
// The request was completed
jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [xml, s] );
};
// Handle the global AJAX counter
if(s.global ! --jQuery.active)
{
jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStop");
};
if(s.complete)
{
s.complete(xml, status);
} ;
jQuery(io).unbind();
setTimeout(function()
{ try
{
jQuery(io).remove();
jQuery(form).remove();
} catch(e)
{
jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
}
}, 100);
xml = null;
};
}
// Timeout checker
if( s.timeout > 0 )
{
setTimeout(function(){
if( !requestDone )
{
// Check to see ifthe request is still happening
uploadCallback( "timeout" );
}
}, s.timeout);
}
try
{
var form = jQuery('#' + formId);
jQuery(form).attr('action', s.url);
jQuery(form).attr('method', 'POST');
jQuery(form).attr('target', frameId);
if(form.encoding)
{
form.encoding = 'multipart/form-data';
}
else
{
form.enctype = 'multipart/form-data';
}
jQuery(form).submit();
} catch(e)
{
jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
}
if(window.attachEvent){
document.getElementById(frameId).attachEvent('onload', uploadCallback);
}
else{
document.getElementById(frameId).addEventListener('load', uploadCallback, false);
}
return {abort: function () {}};
},
uploadHttpData: function( r, type ) {
var data = !type;
data = type == "xml" || data ? r.responseXML : r.responseText;
// ifthe type is "script", eval it in global context
if( type == "script" )
{
jQuery.globalEval( data );
}
// Get the JavaScript object, ifJSON is used.
if( type == "json" )
{
eval( "data = " + data );
}
// evaluate scripts within html
if( type == "html" )
{
jQuery("div>").html(data).evalScripts();
}
return data;
},
handleError: function( s, xhr, status, e ) {
// If a local callback was specified, fire it
if ( s.error ) {
s.error.call( s.context || s, xhr, status, e );
}
// Fire the global callback
if ( s.global ) {
(s.context ? jQuery(s.context) : jQuery.event).trigger( "ajaxError", [xhr, s, e] );
}
}
});/pre>p>/p>
p>br>
/p>
(2)之后調(diào)用ajaxfileupload.js庫,編寫圖片上傳腳本,這里命名為ajaxfileuplaod_implement.js
p>/p>pre name="code" class="javascript">function fileUpload() {
var inputObject = $("#fileImage").get(0);
if(inputObject.value == "")
{
alert("清先選擇需要上傳的圖片");
return false;
}
$.ajaxFileUpload({
url: '/PicSubmit/pic', //服務(wù)器端請求地址
secureuri: false, //是否需要安全協(xié)議,一般設(shè)置為false
type: 'post',
fileElementId: 'fileImage', //文件上傳域的ID
dataType: 'text', //返回值類型 一般設(shè)置為json
enctype:'multipart/form-data',//注意一定要有該參數(shù)
success: function (data, status) //服務(wù)器成功響應(yīng)處理函數(shù)
{
data=decodeURI(data);//服務(wù)器端使用urlencode將中文字符編碼,所以這里需要解碼。這樣做的目的是防止中文亂碼
var address = JSON.parse(data);
for(var i=0;iaddress.length;i++){
ajaxfile_onSuccess(address[i]); //這里的success回調(diào)函數(shù)可以自己定義,但是有一點(diǎn)需要注意,就是需要把服務(wù)器返回來的圖片存儲(chǔ)路徑寫入/pre>pre name="code" class="javascript">span style="white-space:pre"> /span>//hiden標(biāo)簽的value值中,方法見下面的writeHide函數(shù)
}
},
complete: function(xmlHttpRequest)
{span style="white-space:pre"> /span>//這里將html中的文件上傳標(biāo)簽替換為新的標(biāo)簽,是應(yīng)為我在開發(fā)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)ajax執(zhí)行一次上傳操作之后,再使用file標(biāo)簽選擇文件時(shí),標(biāo)簽沒有反應(yīng),/pre>pre name="code" class="javascript">span style="white-space:pre"> /span>//所以暫時(shí)使用了這種方法。
inputObject.replaceWith('input type="file" id="fileImage" name="fileImage" />');
},
error: function (data, status, e)//服務(wù)器響應(yīng)失敗處理函數(shù)
{
//alert("無法連接到服務(wù)器");
}
})
}/pre>pre name="code" class="javascript">/pre>pre name="code" class="javascript">function writeHide(data){
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>if($("#addressid").get(0).value == "")
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>{
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>$("#addressid").get(0).value = data.newName;
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>}
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>else
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>{
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>$("#addressid").get(0).value = $("#addressid").get(0).value+","+data.newName;
span style="white-space:pre"> /span>}
}
/pre>p>/p>
p>3 spring./p>
p>完成上面兩個(gè)部分之后,前臺(tái)的主要工作基本就結(jié)束了。我后臺(tái)使用了spring框架。/p>
p>首先是springMVC的配置文件:viewspace-servlet.xml/p>
p>/p>pre name="code" class="html">?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
!-- 靜態(tài)資源 -->
mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />
mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" />
mvc:resources mapping="/image/**" location="/image/" />
!-- 掃描web包,應(yīng)用Spring的注解 -->
context:component-scan base-package="web"/>
bean id="defaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
bean id="annotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />
!-- 配置視圖解析器,將ModelAndView及字符串解析為具體的頁面 -->
bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:viewClass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
p:suffix=".jsp"/>
!-- 使springMVC支持圖片上傳 -->
bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
!-- 最大上傳尺寸1MB -->
property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
!-- 默認(rèn)編碼 -->
property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
!-- 上傳文件的解析 -->
property name="resolveLazily" value="true" />
/bean>
!-- SpringMVC在超出上傳文件限制時(shí),會(huì)拋出org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException -->
!-- 該異常是SpringMVC在檢查上傳的文件信息時(shí)拋出來的,而且此時(shí)還沒有進(jìn)入到Controller方法中 -->
bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver" >
property name="exceptionMappings">
props>
!-- 遇到MaxUploadSizeExceededException異常時(shí),自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到/WEB-INF/jsp/error_toobig.jsp頁面 -->
prop key="org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException">error_fileupload/prop>
/props>
/property>
/bean>
/beans>/pre>其中,類“org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver”的配置是必須的,否則后臺(tái)無法收到前臺(tái)傳來的文件。p>/p>
p>br>
/p>
p>為了防止文件名中的中文字符傳輸出現(xiàn)問題,在web.xml中做如下配置:/p>
p>/p>pre name="code" class="html">?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
context-param>
param-name>contextConfigLocation/param-name>
param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml/param-value>
/context-param>
listener>
listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
/listener-class>
/listener>
servlet>
servlet-name>viewspace/servlet-name>
servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
/servlet-class>
/servlet>
servlet-mapping>
servlet-name>viewspace/servlet-name>
url-pattern>//url-pattern>
/servlet-mapping>
!-- 支持傳輸中文字符 -->
filter>
filter-name>characterEncodingFilter/filter-name>
filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter/filter-class>
init-param>
param-name>encoding/param-name>
param-value>UTF-8/param-value>
/init-param>
init-param>
param-name>forceEncoding/param-name>
param-value>true/param-value>
/init-param>
/filter>
filter-mapping>
filter-name>characterEncodingFilter/filter-name>
url-pattern>/*/url-pattern>
/filter-mapping>
/web-app>/pre>p>/p>
p>br>
/p>
接下來是重點(diǎn),在Controller中,使用如下方式接受前臺(tái)穿回來的文件。br>
pre name="code" class="java"> @RequestMapping(value="/pic")
@ResponseBody
public String submitPic(@RequestParam(value = "filename",required = false) MultipartFile[] fileImage,
HttpServletRequest request){
if(fileImage == null){
return "[]";
}
return picSaveService.savePic(fileImage);
}/pre>br>
其中需要注意的是,如果前端html的input標(biāo)簽中使用了multiple屬性,則表示標(biāo)簽支持上傳多個(gè)圖片,則controller的參數(shù)列表中,文件的類型使用MultipartFile[],反之,如果沒有使用multiple屬性,表示上傳的是一張圖片,則controller使用MultipartFile類型接收。
p>br>
/p>p>文件接收完成后,就可以對(duì)文件進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)了,方法有很多,我這里舉一個(gè)例子如下:/p>
p>/p>pre name="code" class="java"> public String savePic(MultipartFile[] fileImage){
//為圖片改名
String oldName = "";
String newName = "";
String extension = "";
//圖片按照上傳時(shí)間命名
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
//存儲(chǔ)每張圖片的信息
ListPicConfirmData> resultList = new ArrayListPicConfirmData>();
//獲取配置文件中圖片的存儲(chǔ)路徑
String path = Parameters.getInstance().getDatabaseProps().getProperty("pic_save_dir");
//依次將圖片存儲(chǔ)到path路徑下
for(int i=0;ifileImage.length;i++){
System.out.println(fileImage[i].getOriginalFilename());
oldName = fileImage[i].getOriginalFilename();
extension = oldName.substring(oldName.lastIndexOf("."));
newName = sdf.format(new Date())+extension;
File target = new File(path,newName);
if(!target.exists()){
target.mkdirs();
}
try {
fileImage[i].transferTo(target);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//記錄圖片存儲(chǔ)信息
PicConfirmData pic = null;
try {
//只存名稱,路徑已知,從而節(jié)省數(shù)據(jù)庫空間
//pic = new PicConfirmData(URLEncoder.encode(oldName, "utf-8"), path+newName);
pic = new PicConfirmData(1,URLEncoder.encode(oldName, "utf-8"), newName);
resultList.add(pic);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return ToolJson.getJsonFromPicConfirmData(resultList);
}/pre>這里將接收到的圖片的原始名稱以及修改后存儲(chǔ)使用的名稱返回給前臺(tái),原始名稱用于在前臺(tái)頁面輸出“存儲(chǔ)成功”的提示信息,修改后的名稱用于給hiden標(biāo)簽復(fù)制,hiden標(biāo)簽的內(nèi)容會(huì)在之后隨表單中其他信息一起提交到服務(wù)端,通過hiden標(biāo)簽,我們就可以知道與表單關(guān)聯(lián)的圖片被存儲(chǔ)在什么地方。br>
br>
p>/p>
p>最后,圖片上傳完成后還需要提交表單,這里使用SpringMVC實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)表單接收功能。這里名為address的參數(shù),存儲(chǔ)的就是圖片的存儲(chǔ)路徑。/p>
p>/p>pre name="code" class="java"> @RequestMapping(value="/form")
public String submitForm(HttpServletRequest request){
String sid = request.getParameter("name");
String address = request.getParameter("address");
if(sid != null submiter != null faultTime != null message != null address != null){
if(formDataSaveService.saveForm(sid, submiter, message, address, faultTime)){
return "ac";
}
}
return "error";
}/pre>br>
方法二 前臺(tái)切割上傳(留著后面補(bǔ)充)p>/p>
p>br>
/p>
link rel="stylesheet" >
/pre>
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Ajax配合Spring實(shí)現(xiàn)文件上傳功能代碼,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對(duì)腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持!
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