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Apache最新官方配置文件中文版說明

Apache最新官方配置文件中文版
# # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. #參照NCSA服務(wù)器的配置文件，原版由Rob McCool發(fā)布 # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/> for detailed information about # the directives. #這是Apache server的主配置文件. 它包含配置指令，來指示服務(wù)器 #請參考 http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0 了解關(guān)于指令的詳細信息 # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. #不要僅僅是閱讀本指令，而應(yīng)該理解指令做了什么。在這里僅起提示的作用。 #如果你不清楚請參閱在線文檔。特別提示 # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: #配置文件批令分為三個基本組 # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'. # 1. 控制Apache server的全局操作的指令(全局環(huán)境變量). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 2.配置主服務(wù)或者默認服務(wù)的指令，它針對那些被虛擬主機以外的請求作出響應(yīng). # 它也包含虛擬主機的一些默認參數(shù) # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # 3. 虛擬主機設(shè)置，這使得發(fā)往不同的ip或者主機名的請求可以被子同一個Apache服務(wù)# 器處理 # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log". #配置和日志文件名：如果你所指定的文件名以”/”（在Win32中以盤符：/）開頭，服務(wù)器將以絕對路徑來處理。如果不以”/”開頭，則以相對于ServerRoot不解釋，所以對于logs/foo.log來講，當(dāng)ServerRoot為"C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2”時，則指的是 C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log文件 # NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes # instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:\apache". 注意，在文件名的定義中，必須用正斜杠，而不是反斜杠，如c:/apache而不是c:\apache # If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which Apache.exe is located # will be used by default. It is recommended that you always supply # an explicit drive letter in absolute paths, however, to avoid # confusion. #如果省略了盤符，則以Apache.exe所在的盤符為默認值建議在絕對路徑中永遠使用顯式的盤符，這樣有助于消除誤解
### Section 1: Global Environment #第一部分全局環(huán)境 # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. #本部分的指令將影響整個Apache服務(wù)器，例如它所能處理的并發(fā)請求數(shù)或者它在哪里能夠找到其配置文件
# # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # ServerRoot: 服務(wù)器的配置，錯誤和日志文件的根目錄 # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>; # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. #注意：如果將其保存到NFS上或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)上mounted的文件系統(tǒng)上，然后應(yīng)該閱讀LockFile文檔，http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile，將能解決你的很多麻煩. # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. #不要在目錄的末尾加上斜杠 ServerRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2" ServerRoot:根目錄 # # ScoreBoardFile: File used to store internal server process information. # If unspecified (the default), the scoreboard will be stored in an # anonymous shared memory segment, and will be unavailable to third-party # applications. ScoreBoardFile: 保存服務(wù)器內(nèi)部的處理信息如果未定議(默認狀態(tài))，scoreboard將被保存在匿名的共享內(nèi)存段中，并且對于第三方來講，是不可獲得的 # If specified, ensure that no two invocations of Apache share the same # scoreboard file. The scoreboard file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. #如果已定義，應(yīng)確保Apache的兩個調(diào)用不能共享同一個scoreboard. Scoreboard文件必須存放在可分配的磁盤上 #ScoreBoardFile logs/apache_runtime_status
# # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. #PidFile:當(dāng)服務(wù)器起努時，服務(wù)器需要將其進程ID號存放在此文件中 PidFile logs/httpd.pid
# # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. #Timeout:接收和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的超時設(shè)置，秒數(shù) Timeout 300
# # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. #KeepAlive: 是否支持持久聯(lián)接（而不是每個請求建一個連接）,設(shè)off關(guān)閉此功能 KeepAlive On
# # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. #MaxKeepAliveRequests:在持久連接期間，所允許的最大請求數(shù)量。設(shè)為0表示不作限制建議設(shè)為較高的數(shù)，以提高性能 MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
# # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. #KeepAliveTimeout:在同一個客戶連接中，等待下一個請求的等待時間。 KeepAliveTimeout 15
## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## 常規(guī)Server-Pool服務(wù)器池的大小(每分鐘M數(shù))
# WinNT MPM WinNT 的MPM # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in the server process ThreadPerChild:服務(wù)器進程中工作的線程數(shù)量 # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves 每個服務(wù)進程的最大請求數(shù) IfModule mpm_winnt.c> ThreadsPerChild 250 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 /IfModule>
# # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the VirtualHost> # directive. #Listen:允許你將Apache綁定到指定的IP地址或端口，而不是默認端口，請同時參考VirtualHost>指令 # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0) #像下面那樣指定偵聽的IP地址，防止Apache搶占所有綁定的IP地址 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80
# # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support #動態(tài)共享對象支持DSO # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l' do not need # to be loaded here. #為了能夠使用模塊功能，模塊通常以DSO的方式構(gòu)建，你應(yīng)該在下面使用LoadModule行，使得能夠在使用前獲得指令的功能。靜態(tài)編譯模塊（在httpd-1中所列舉的）不需要在此裝載 # Example: # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so # LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so LoadModule auth_module modules/mod_auth.so #LoadModule auth_anon_module modules/mod_auth_anon.so #LoadModule auth_dbm_module modules/mod_auth_dbm.so #LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so #LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so #LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so #LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so #LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so #LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so #LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule imap_module modules/mod_imap.so LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so #LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so LoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so #LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so #LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so #LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so #LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so #LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so #LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so #LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so #LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so #LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
# # ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status # information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus # Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off. #擴展?fàn)顟B(tài)控制Apache是否產(chǎn)生完整的狀態(tài)信息（設(shè)為on產(chǎn)生全部），如果設(shè)為Off則產(chǎn)生基本的信息，當(dāng)與server-status頭有關(guān)，默認值為Off #ExtendedStatus On
### Section 2: 'Main' server configuration #第二部分：主服務(wù)配置 # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. #本節(jié)中指令的設(shè)置值，將被主服務(wù)所使用，主服務(wù)響應(yīng)那些沒有被VirtualHost>所處理的請求，這些值也為VirtualHost>容器提供了默認值，你可以在后面的文件中定義 # All of these directives may appear inside VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. 所有這些指令將出現(xiàn)在VirtualHost>容器中，這些設(shè)定值將在定義virtual host時被覆寫。 #
# # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # ServerAdmin：你的地址，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)故障時，可以給你發(fā)email。此地址出現(xiàn)在那些由服務(wù)器生成的頁面上，如出錯文檔。例如：admin@your-domain.com ServerAdmin webmaster@moers.com
# # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. #ServerNaem定義了server名稱和端口號，用以標(biāo)明自己的身份。通?？梢宰詣佣x，建議顯式地定義，避免起動時出錯 # If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated # redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive. #如果沒有正確定義主機的DNS,服務(wù)器產(chǎn)生的重定向?qū)⒉粫ぷ鳎瑫r參考UseCanonicalName指令。 # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make # redirections work in a sensible way. #如果你沒有注冊DNS名字，請在這里輸入IP地址。你可以在任何情況下使用ip地址，這也使用得重定向變得敏感 ServerName www.moers.com:80
# # UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing # URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables. # When set "Off", Apache will use the Hostname and Port supplied # by the client. When set "On", Apache will use the value of the # ServerName directive. #UseCanonicalName:決定Apaceh如何構(gòu)建自定參考URL,和SERVER_NAME及SERVER_PORT變量當(dāng)設(shè)為Off時，Apache將使用客戶端給出的域名和端口。當(dāng)設(shè)為On時，Apache將使用ServerName指令 UseCanonicalName Off
# # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. #DocumentRoot:服務(wù)器文檔放置目錄。在默認情形下，所有的請求都從這里開始，除了記號和別名將改指它處以外。 DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs"
# # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that # directory (and its subdirectories). #每個可供Apache訪問的目錄，可以配置成允許或禁止哪些服務(wù)和特征（包括其子目錄） # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of # features. #首先，我們定義一個默認的非常嚴(yán)格的配置 Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None /Directory>
# # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. #注意，從這一點往前，你必須許可某些特殊的功能，所以如果某些功能未能如你所愿，要確保你在在下述中啟用了該功能。
# # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to. # 這將改變你對DocumentRoot的設(shè)置 Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs">
# # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All", # or any combination of: 可能的值為None,All或者任意組合 # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # 索引包括FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All" # doesn't give it to you. #注意MultiViews被顯式地Options All, # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options # for more information. #選項指令既復(fù)雜又重要，請參閱http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options了解詳情 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
# # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit #AllowOverride 控制什么指令能夠加入到.htaccess中，可以是All,None,或者組合關(guān)鍵字 AllowOverride None
# # Controls who can get stuff from this server. #控制誰可以可以訪問此服務(wù) Order allow,deny Allow from all
/Directory>
# # UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home # directory if a ~user request is received. Be especially careful to use # proper, forward slashes here. On Windows NT, "Personal/My Website" # is a more appropriate choice. # UserDir: 用戶的home的名稱，當(dāng)接到到~user的請求時。請小心正確使用”/”. 在WinNT上，”Personal/My Website”是更合適的選擇 UserDir "My Documents/My Website"
# # Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example # for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only. #控制UserDir目錄，以下是一個例子，這個目錄是只讀的 # You must correct the path for the root to match your system's configured # user directory location, e.g. "C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website" # or whichever, as appropriate. #你必須更正root目錄，與系統(tǒng)設(shè)置相配，如用戶目錄是C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website或者其它合適的 #Directory "C:/Documents and Settings/*/My Documents/My Website"> # AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec # Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order allow,deny # Allow from all # /Limit> # LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND> # Order deny,allow # Deny from all # /LimitExcept> #/Directory>
# # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. #DirectoryIndex: Apache服務(wù)器將要以一個目錄的形式響應(yīng)服務(wù) # The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content- # negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the # same purpose, but it is much slower. #index.html變量文件（一種映射）將直接傳送內(nèi)容。MultiViews選項可以用于同樣的目的，但是要慢得多 DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var
# # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. #AccessFileName: 用來查找各個目錄下額外的配置指令的配置文件名，同時參考AllowOverride(允許重載)指令 #Acce AccessFileName .htaccess
# # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. #下面兩行，阻址Web客戶端訪問 .htaccess和htpasswd(訪問設(shè)定和密碼)的文件 # Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all /Files>
# # TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is # to be found. # TypesConfig，描述在何處找到mime型別 TypesConfig conf/mime.types
# # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. 如果服務(wù)器不能確定文檔的型別，將使用默認的MIME型別,例如根據(jù)擴展名 # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. #如果你的服務(wù)器主要包括text/html文檔，”text/plain”就是一個好的取值。如果你的大多數(shù)內(nèi)容是binary(二進制)的，如應(yīng)用程序或圖片，你可能希望使用application/octet-stream，使得瀏覽器試圖顯示二進制數(shù)據(jù)，盡管它們是文本 DefaultType text/plain
# # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # mod_mime_magic模塊，允許服務(wù)器根據(jù)內(nèi)容提示來識別文件型別。MIMEMagicFile指令告知模塊“內(nèi)容提示”應(yīng)到何處找。 IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> MIMEMagicFile conf/magic /IfModule>
# # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. HostNameLookups: 客戶日志或者僅其IP地址，如www.apache.org(on) 或者204.62.129.132 (off).默認為值設(shè)為off比較好，如果希望將此置為on將意味著第一次客戶請求都至少要查詢一次nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off
# # EnableMMAP: Control whether memory-mapping is used to deliver # files (assuming that the underlying OS supports it). # The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted # filesystems. On some systems, turning it off (regardless of # filesystem) can improve performance; for details, please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablemmap # EnableMMAP: 控制是否通過內(nèi)存映射的方式傳送文件(須得操作系統(tǒng)支持) 默認值為on; 如果你使用NSF加載的文件系統(tǒng)（通常在linux下）,應(yīng)置為off. 在某些系統(tǒng)上，置off,不管使用什么文件系統(tǒng)，能夠提高效率，詳細情況，請參閱文檔 #EnableMMAP off
# # EnableSendfile: Control whether the sendfile kernel support is # used to deliver files (assuming that the OS supports it). # The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted # filesystems. Please see # http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core....#enablesendfile # EnableSendfile: 控制內(nèi)核傳送文件是否支持（需要OS支持）。默認為on,如果使用NFS,則使用off #EnableSendfile off
# # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. #ErrorLog: 出錯日志文件如果你想為虛擬主機定義Errorlog指令，則該虛擬主機的錯誤信息將被記錄到這里 ErrorLog logs/error.log
# # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error.log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLever: 日志等級，（與log4j相似，譯者注），決定哪些級別的出錯信息將被記錄，如debug,info,notice,warn,error, crit，alert,emerg等，在設(shè)定級別以上的信息就會被記錄(譯者注). LogLevel warn
# # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # 日志格式(與log4j相似) LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \&;%r\&; %>s %b \&;%{Referer}i\&; \&;%{User-Agent}i\&;" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \&;%r\&; %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O #LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \&;%r\&; %>s %b \&;%{Referer}i\&; \&;%{User-Agent}i\&; %I %O" combinedio

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