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一、場(chǎng)景說明：

很多時(shí)候因?yàn)?MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫不能啟動(dòng)而造成數(shù)據(jù)無法訪問，但應(yīng)用的數(shù)據(jù)通常沒有丟失，只是系統(tǒng)表空間等其它文件損壞了，或者遇到 MySQL 的 bug。

這個(gè)時(shí)候如果沒有備份，很多人就以為數(shù)據(jù)丟失了，但實(shí)際上大部分時(shí)候數(shù)據(jù)還是有救的。
對(duì)于 MyISAM 引擎的表空間，直接把對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)文件拷貝到一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)庫就行了，數(shù)據(jù)就可以恢復(fù)了。
對(duì)于 InnoDB 引擎的數(shù)據(jù)庫表空間可以采用傳輸表空間的方式把數(shù)據(jù)救回來.
前提是MySQL開啟了參數(shù) innodb_file_per_table = 1 獨(dú)立表空間文件

當(dāng)MySQL的數(shù)據(jù)表空間文件ibdata文件損壞或者是被無修改和刪除，導(dǎo)致MySQL服務(wù)重啟失敗。同時(shí)MySQL的數(shù)據(jù)又沒有及時(shí)備份，此時(shí)如何盡可能多的找回MySQL數(shù)據(jù)呢？？

二、案例演示：

2.1、確認(rèn)MySQL故障前，庫中的每張表有多少記錄

for n in `mysql -e "use db_bbs;show tables;"|sed '1d'`;do echo $n; mysql -e "use db_bbs;select count(*) from $n;";done >test.txt

確認(rèn)MySQL故障前，庫中一共有多少張表：

一共是39張表：

[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# mysql -e "use db_bbs;show tables;"|sed '1d'|wc -l
39

2.2、模擬刪除ibdata故障：

刪除ibdata文件（生產(chǎn)環(huán)境禁止這么干）

innodb_force_recovery =6 利用MySQL的強(qiáng)制啟動(dòng)參數(shù)來啟動(dòng)此時(shí)的MySQL服務(wù)，但是已經(jīng)是無濟(jì)于事。由于是數(shù)據(jù)表空間文件ibdata文件被刪除了.所以啟動(dòng)不了此時(shí)的MySQL服務(wù)。
由于此MySQL采用的innodb引擎。而且開啟了獨(dú)立表空間參數(shù) innodb_file_per_table = 1 。所以此時(shí)可以采用采用傳輸表空間的方式把數(shù)據(jù)救回來。

2.3、找回?cái)?shù)據(jù)的辦法:

首先來創(chuàng)建已經(jīng)丟失的表結(jié)構(gòu)：

先要在故障的MySQL服務(wù)器上安裝 mysql-utilities。

yum -y install mysql-utilities

使用 mysqlfrm 從 .frm 文件里面找回建表語句:

分析一個(gè) .frm 文件生成建表的語句

mysqlfrm --diagnostic 
[root@test02 db_bbs]# mysqlfrm --diagnostic /data/mysql/data/db_bbs/t_admin.frm |grep -v "^#"
CREATE TABLE `db_bbs`.`t_admin` (
 `f_id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
 `f_type` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, 
 `f_username` varchar(80) NOT NULL, 
 `f_password` varchar(80) NOT NULL, 
 `f_nick_name` varchar(80) NOT NULL, 
 `f_real_name` varchar(80) NOT NULL, 
 `f_create_time` bigint(4) NOT NULL, 
 `f_update_time` bigint(4) NOT NULL, 
 `f_last_login_time` bigint(4) DEFAULT NULL, 
 `f_last_login_ip` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL, 
 `f_status` tinyint(1) NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY `PRIMARY` (`f_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = 2;

把全部的建表語句導(dǎo)入到/tmp/create.sql 文件：

[root@test02 ~]# cd /data/mysql/data/db_bbs/
[root@test02 db_bbs]# for n in `ls -l /data/mysql/data/db_bbs/*.frm|awk -F '/' '{print $NF}'|xargs -n 40`;do mysqlfrm --diagnostic $n|grep -v "^#" >>/tmp/create.sql;done

把生產(chǎn)的建表語句導(dǎo)入到新MySQL實(shí)例庫中:

[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# mysql db_bbs  create.sql 
ERROR 1064 (42000) at line 2: You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '5' at line 10

原因是獲取到的建表sql中包含了ROW_FORMAT = 2 這樣的參數(shù)導(dǎo)致的
###去掉建表語句中的包含ROW_FORMAT = 2, ROW_FORMAT = 5這些字符.重新導(dǎo)入建表語句###

批量替換命令如下:

cat /tmp/create.sql|sed -e 's/ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = 2;/ENGINE=InnoDB ;/g'|grep ROW_FORMAT |uniq -c
cat /tmp/create.sql|sed -e 's/ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = 5;/ENGINE=InnoDB ;/g'|grep ROW_FORMAT |uniq -c
sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = 2;/ENGINE=InnoDB ;/g' /tmp/create.sql
sed -i 's/ENGINE=InnoDB ROW_FORMAT = 5;/ENGINE=InnoDB ;/g' /tmp/create.sql
cat /tmp/create.sql|grep ROW_FORMAT |uniq -c

導(dǎo)出建表語句到新MySQL實(shí)例db_bbs庫報(bào)錯(cuò)字段太長(zhǎng)：

[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# mysql db_bbs -f  create.sql 
ERROR 1074 (42000) at line 232: Column length too big for column 'f_content' (max = 16383); use BLOB or TEXT instead
ERROR 1074 (42000) at line 299: Column length too big for column 'f_desc' (max = 16383); use BLOB or TEXT instead
ERROR 1074 (42000) at line 365: Column length too big for column 'f_body_image' (max = 16383); use BLOB or TEXT instead
ERROR 1074 (42000) at line 406: Column length too big for column 'f_content' (max = 16383); use BLOB or TEXT instead
ERROR 1074 (42000) at line 433: Column length too big for column 'f_summary' (max = 16383); use BLOB or TEXT instead

修改完字段長(zhǎng)度類型，重新導(dǎo)入建表sql到全新的MySQL庫中

[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# mysql db_bbs -f  create.sql 
[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# 
[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# 
[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# mysql -e "use db_bbs;show tables;"|sed '1d'|wc -l
39

###將新建的MySQL實(shí)例的沒有包括數(shù)據(jù)的 .ibd 文件拋棄掉，然后再導(dǎo)入故障數(shù)據(jù)庫的.idb文件###

拋棄掉新建庫的數(shù)據(jù).ibd文件：

mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a DISCARD TABLESPACE" ;done

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# ll *.ibd|wc -l
39
[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a DISCARD TABLESPACE" ;done
[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# ll *.ibd|wc -l
ls: cannot access *.ibd: No such file or directory

*可以看到所有的 .idb 文件都已經(jīng)被拋棄了。然后把舊的有數(shù)據(jù)的 .ibd 文件拷貝到這個(gè)新MySQL實(shí)例的 ./data/db_bbs/ 目錄下面，別忘了把屬主改過來：chown mysql. ，再把這些數(shù)據(jù)文件 import 到數(shù)據(jù)庫中**。

[root@test02 db_bbs]# scp *.ibd root@10.10.127.11:/data/mysql/data/db_bbs/
root@10.10.127.11's password: 
browse_record.ibd                                                            100% 100MB 50.0MB/s  00:02  
t_admin.ibd         
........
........

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# ll *.ibd|wc -l
39
[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# ll *.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 104857600 Mar 14 21:56 browse_record.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_admin.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_anonymous_code.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_apply.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  9437184 Mar 14 21:56 t_attach.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  147456 Mar 14 21:56 t_banner.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  163840 Mar 14 21:56 t_banner_log.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  114688 Mar 14 21:56 t_black_ip.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_black_user.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_block_userbaseinfo.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_collect.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_country_code.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  163840 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_goods.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  131072 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_goods_record.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  9437184 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_integral.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 46137344 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_integral_record.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 27262976 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_news.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  9437184 Mar 14 21:56 t_ct_order.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_feedback.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_lexicon.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  327680 Mar 14 21:56 t_logs.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_manage.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_module.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  9437184 Mar 14 21:56 t_post_extend.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Mar 14 21:56 t_post.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_post_video.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_realtime_message.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_recommend.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 46137344 Mar 14 21:56 t_reply.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_reward.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  196608 Mar 14 21:56 t_sensitive_word.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_system_message.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  9437184 Mar 14 21:56 t_userbaseinfo.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  344064 Mar 14 21:56 t_userextendinfo.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Mar 14 21:56 t_user_health.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root   98304 Mar 14 21:56 t_user_message.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  442368 Mar 14 21:56 t_user_read_module_log.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root 17825792 Mar 14 21:56 t_viewpoint.ibd
-rw-r----- 1 root root  114688 Mar 14 21:56 t_white_ip.ibd

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# chown mysql.mysql *.ibd

mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a import TABLESPACE" ;done

導(dǎo)入每個(gè)表的表空間時(shí)，出現(xiàn)個(gè)別表報(bào)錯(cuò)：

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a import TABLESPACE" ;done 
ERROR 1808 (HY000) at line 1: Schema mismatch (Table has ROW_TYPE_DYNAMIC row format, .ibd file has ROW_TYPE_COMPACT row format.)

校驗(yàn)表文件，發(fā)現(xiàn)只有browse_record表導(dǎo)入獨(dú)立表表空間時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)導(dǎo)致此表恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)失敗

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# mysqlcheck -c db_bbs
db_bbs.browse_record
Warning : InnoDB: Tablespace has been discarded for table 'browse_record'
Error  : Tablespace has been discarded for table 'browse_record'
error  : Corrupt
db_bbs.t_admin                   OK
db_bbs.t_anonymous_code              OK
db_bbs.t_apply                   OK
db_bbs.t_attach                  OK
db_bbs.t_banner                  OK
db_bbs.t_banner_log                OK
db_bbs.t_black_ip                 OK
db_bbs.t_black_user                OK
db_bbs.t_block_userbaseinfo            OK
db_bbs.t_collect                  OK
db_bbs.t_country_code               OK
db_bbs.t_ct_goods                 OK
db_bbs.t_ct_goods_record              OK
db_bbs.t_ct_integral                OK
db_bbs.t_ct_integral_record            OK
db_bbs.t_ct_news                  OK
db_bbs.t_ct_order                 OK
db_bbs.t_feedback                 OK
db_bbs.t_lexicon                  OK
db_bbs.t_logs                   OK
db_bbs.t_manage                  OK
db_bbs.t_module                  OK
db_bbs.t_post                   OK
db_bbs.t_post_extend                OK
db_bbs.t_post_video                OK
db_bbs.t_realtime_message             OK
db_bbs.t_recommend                 OK
db_bbs.t_reply                   OK
db_bbs.t_reward                  OK
db_bbs.t_sensitive_word              OK
db_bbs.t_system_message              OK
db_bbs.t_user_health                OK
db_bbs.t_user_message               OK
db_bbs.t_user_read_module_log           OK
db_bbs.t_userbaseinfo               OK
db_bbs.t_userextendinfo              OK
db_bbs.t_viewpoint                 OK
db_bbs.t_white_ip                 OK

上面的browse_record 表恢復(fù)失敗報(bào)錯(cuò)解決辦法如下：

參考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30607659/article/details/94987901

刪除導(dǎo)入到新MySQL實(shí)例的表browse_record，然后執(zhí)行下面的建表語句，新建browse_record表：

CREATE TABLE `browse_record` (
 `id` int(4) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `post_id` int(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `user_id` int(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `status` tinyint(1) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `update_time` bigint(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
 `create_time` bigint(4) unsigned NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
 KEY `browse` (`post_id`,`user_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 row_format=compact;

提示：如果在新MySQL實(shí)例單獨(dú)刪除表browse_record，刪除失敗的話，那就直接drop掉新MySQL實(shí)例上的db_bbs庫，重新導(dǎo)入db_bbs所有表的建表語句，然后再執(zhí)行下面的命令：

mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a DISCARD TABLESPACE" ;done

重新導(dǎo)入表空間到新實(shí)例MySQL中:

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# mysql -e "show tables from db_bbs" | grep -v Tables_in_db_bbs| while read a; do mysql -e "ALTER TABLE db_bbs.$a import TABLESPACE" ;done
[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]#

到此處數(shù)據(jù)修復(fù)完成

校驗(yàn)MySQL db_bbs庫中的表：

[root@10-10-127-11 db_bbs]# mysqlcheck -c db_bbs
db_bbs.browse_record                OK
db_bbs.t_admin                   OK
db_bbs.t_anonymous_code              OK
db_bbs.t_apply                   OK
db_bbs.t_attach                  OK
db_bbs.t_banner                  OK
db_bbs.t_banner_log                OK
db_bbs.t_black_ip                 OK
db_bbs.t_black_user                OK
db_bbs.t_block_userbaseinfo            OK
db_bbs.t_collect                  OK
db_bbs.t_country_code               OK
db_bbs.t_ct_goods                 OK
db_bbs.t_ct_goods_record              OK
db_bbs.t_ct_integral                OK
db_bbs.t_ct_integral_record            OK
db_bbs.t_ct_news                  OK
db_bbs.t_ct_order                 OK
db_bbs.t_feedback                 OK
db_bbs.t_lexicon                  OK
db_bbs.t_logs                   OK
db_bbs.t_manage                  OK
db_bbs.t_module                  OK
db_bbs.t_post                   OK
db_bbs.t_post_extend                OK
db_bbs.t_post_video                OK
db_bbs.t_realtime_message             OK
db_bbs.t_recommend                 OK
db_bbs.t_reply                   OK
db_bbs.t_reward                  OK
db_bbs.t_sensitive_word              OK
db_bbs.t_system_message              OK
db_bbs.t_user_health                OK
db_bbs.t_user_message               OK
db_bbs.t_user_read_module_log           OK
db_bbs.t_userbaseinfo               OK
db_bbs.t_userextendinfo              OK
db_bbs.t_viewpoint                 OK
db_bbs.t_white_ip                 OK

2.4、獲取導(dǎo)入到新MySQL實(shí)例db_bbs庫中表記錄和和原來的庫test.txt表記錄文件對(duì)比

[root@10-10-127-11 ~]# for n in `mysql -e "use db_bbs;show tables;"|sed '1d'`;do echo $n; mysql -e "use db_bbs;select count(*) from $n;";done >test.txt11

和原來的庫test.txt表記錄文件對(duì)比。

[root@test02 ~]# vimdiff test.txt11 test.txt

表記錄完全一致
到此處MySQL的數(shù)據(jù)修復(fù)完畢

參考資料：
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/r3KTPsFay292JnO0lgTLUg
https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangxu67/p/4744283.html
https://blog.csdn.net/Sonny_alice/article/details/80198200
https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangxu67/p/4744283.html

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