如果你手工測(cè)試Restful 服務(wù)將會(huì)是一件非常單調(diào)乏味的事情。當(dāng)然,目前有一些瀏覽器插件可以通過可視化的界面幫助你手工測(cè)試,例如postman、rest console,但是每次系統(tǒng)版本更新,你都需要去手動(dòng)執(zhí)行大量的測(cè)試,顯然這種方式不是非常實(shí)用。Ruby擁有許多出色的gem包,你可以使用它們完成這項(xiàng)枯燥的工作。其中RestClient是我比較喜歡的一個(gè)。結(jié)合ruby的rspec框架使用RestClient可以編寫非常強(qiáng)大的測(cè)試腳本。假如Github想讓你測(cè)試他們的Restful API。你可能想做的第一件事就是確保端點(diǎn)返回你預(yù)計(jì)的響應(yīng)代碼。開始前,你需要確認(rèn)你已經(jīng)安裝了相應(yīng)的gems。 最便利的方式是使用bundler安裝:
source "https://rubygems.org"
gem 'rest-client'
gem 'rspec'
gem 'json_expressions'
在cmd(windows,linux/mac環(huán)境請(qǐng)自行解決)進(jìn)入你創(chuàng)建gemfile文件的同層目錄,運(yùn)行 'bundle'
rafs-computer:rafael$ bundle
Using diff-lcs 1.2.5
Using json_expressions 0.8.3
Using mime-types 2.3
Using netrc 0.7.7
Using rest-client 1.7.2
Using rspec-support 3.1.1
Using rspec-core 3.1.4
Using rspec-expectations 3.1.2
Using rspec-mocks 3.1.2
Using rspec 3.1.0
Using bundler 1.7.3
Your bundle is complete!
現(xiàn)在讓我們來驗(yàn)證我們從用戶終端得到200響應(yīng):
require 'rspec'
require 'rest_client'
describe 'GitHub API' do
it 'should return information about a user' do
result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
expect(result.code).to eq(200)
end
end
在命令行執(zhí)行rspec -f doc filename
因此返回碼是對(duì)的,但是我們?nèi)绾沃婪祷氐膉son也是對(duì)的呢?
有幾種不同的方式去驗(yàn)證。一種方法是解析body中的json(由key,value組成),然后針對(duì)你要檢查的每個(gè)key創(chuàng)建斷言。這種方式可以使用,但是它需要你寫多個(gè)斷言而且是比較難于維護(hù)的。另外一種方法是和一個(gè)已知有效的json格式的數(shù)據(jù)文件比較。你可以使用json_expressions gem包去做這個(gè)事情。下面的例子是相同的spec文件。新增一個(gè)testcase用來驗(yàn)證json數(shù)據(jù)。
首先準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)users.json文件
{
"login": "rest-client",
"id": 2386701,
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/2386701?v=3",
"gravatar_id": "",
"url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client",
"html_url": "https://github.com/rest-client",
"followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/followers",
"following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/following{/other_user}",
"gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/gists{/gist_id}",
"starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
"subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/subscriptions",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/orgs",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/repos",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/events{/privacy}",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/rest-client/received_events",
"type": "Organization",
"site_admin": false,
"name": "REST-Client Team",
"company": null,
"blog": "",
"location": null,
"email": null,
"hireable": false,
"bio": null,
"public_repos": 1,
"public_gists": 0,
"followers": 0,
"following": 0,
"created_at": "2012-09-20T15:01:43Z",
"updated_at": "2015-03-11T19:08:01Z"
}
然后編寫測(cè)試用例spec文件
require 'rspec'
require 'rest_client'
require 'json_expressions/rspec'
describe 'GitHub API' do
it 'should return 200 when asking information about a user' do
result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
expect(result.code).to eq(200)
end
it 'should return proper data for a user' do
expected_data = JSON.parse(IO.read('users.json'))
result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
expect(result).to match_json_expression(expected_data)
end
end
這個(gè)users.json文件包含了一個(gè)已知的響應(yīng)。正如你可能猜到了,一些這樣的服務(wù)返回值可以改變很快。例如,"updated_at"是返回值可能經(jīng)常變化的key。假如你只是想要驗(yàn)證key是否存在,而不關(guān)心它的值,你可以增加如下的代碼到你的測(cè)試用例中。
it 'should return proper data for a user' do
expected_data = JSON.parse(IO.read('users.json')) #解析users.json文件中的數(shù)據(jù)作為預(yù)期值
result = RestClient.get 'https://api.github.com/users/rest-client', :content_type => :json, :accept => :json
# expect(result).to match_json_expression(expected_data)
expected_data['updated_at'] = wildcard_matcher
end