根據(jù)新系統(tǒng)要求，經(jīng)常要部署一些原來(lái)系統(tǒng)里沒(méi)有的字體，原先我為了圖省事經(jīng)常會(huì)要求用戶手動(dòng)安裝字體文件，雖然Windows的易用性做得相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，但是仍然要照顧一些不會(huì)安裝字體的人，其實(shí)把這些字體打包進(jìn)安裝包更為方便，不過(guò)我覺(jué)得總不能每有新字體都要搞個(gè)安裝包那么麻煩吧。更重要的是仍然有人會(huì)問(wèn)我字體怎么安裝，以前清一色的Windows XP系統(tǒng)，我倒也方便，直接告知打開(kāi)控制面板找到字體文件夾，把要安裝的字體拖進(jìn)去即可；現(xiàn)在有Windows 7還是Windows 8等各種版本W(wǎng)indows系統(tǒng)，對(duì)于安裝字體這個(gè)小小操作我也開(kāi)始分情況討論了。
使用特殊文件夾或者DESKTOP.INI方法
使用特殊文件夾方法
Windows保留了一種特殊文件夾引用，比如在Windows XP的情況下，新建一個(gè)文件夾，然后在文件夾重命名后綴.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}（注意以點(diǎn)號(hào)分隔），然后這個(gè)文件夾就變成了回收站的一個(gè)引用，當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)去的時(shí)候?qū)嶋H上進(jìn)去的是回收站。
好了我在想對(duì)于字體是不是也可以搞個(gè)文件夾引用，這樣直接叫用戶把要安裝的字體拖進(jìn)去即可，大家注意到這個(gè)成功的關(guān)鍵在于后面那段長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的ID號(hào)，那個(gè)學(xué)名叫做GUID，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)注冊(cè)表查詢，主要路徑在于：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer
比如回收站就位于下面的注冊(cè)表路徑：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Desktop\NameSpace
對(duì)于字體我也在如下路徑找到了：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\ControlPanel\NameSpace
字體的GUID是{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}，但是當(dāng)我新建一個(gè)文件夾并且名稱以.{D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}（注意點(diǎn)號(hào)）結(jié)尾，當(dāng)我點(diǎn)進(jìn)去時(shí)卻不能進(jìn)入字體文件夾，于是這個(gè)想法被驗(yàn)證為失敗。
使用Desktop.ini方法
其實(shí)建立特殊文件夾還有一個(gè)方法就是采用文件夾的Desktop.ini，抱著試試的心態(tài)，我在文件夾內(nèi)部建立了Desktop.ini，內(nèi)容如下：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
[.ShellClassInfo]
IconFile=%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll
IconIndex=38
CLSID={D20EA4E1-3957-11d2-A40B-0C5020524152}
很遺憾，依然不能直達(dá)字體目錄，所以這一種辦法也是行不通的。
本著方便群眾的想法，我決定做個(gè)小小的程序，當(dāng)然我首先求助了萬(wàn)能的Google。原本想搞個(gè)桌面程序來(lái)著，也找到老外現(xiàn)成的代碼FontReg – Windows Font Registration Installation Utility。后來(lái)隨著研究的深入，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)這玩意兒用批處理或者腳本實(shí)現(xiàn)更為簡(jiǎn)單。
CMD或BAT批處理安裝字體
通常情況下字體文件夾位于C:\Windows\Fonts，轉(zhuǎn)換為帶環(huán)境變量的通用版本為%SystemRoot%\Fonts\，我們也許想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為將字體復(fù)制到這個(gè)路徑下就完成了安裝，其實(shí)不然，系統(tǒng)安裝字體不單單是將字體文件復(fù)制到這個(gè)路徑下，其還進(jìn)行了其他操作，比如更新注冊(cè)表字體列表。通常情況下這個(gè)列表位于路徑如下：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts
于是對(duì)于批處理來(lái)說(shuō)，網(wǎng)上安裝字體流程大概分為兩派，首先第一步復(fù)制到Fonts文件夾，這個(gè)是公認(rèn)的，第二步則有不同：一派認(rèn)為應(yīng)該更新注冊(cè)表；另一派則傾向于使用AddFontResource這個(gè)函數(shù)。
使用AddFontResource更新系統(tǒng)字體列表
什么是AddFontResource函數(shù)？這是個(gè)Win32 API函數(shù)，位于gdi32.dll動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù)上，MSDN參考見(jiàn)這里。我們可以編譯調(diào)用這個(gè)函數(shù)，什么？“編譯”？貌似和這里講的批處理差遠(yuǎn)了吧，別急，好在這個(gè)函數(shù)簽名不復(fù)雜，其有個(gè)AddFontResourceA的ANSI版本，這樣給我們直接外部通過(guò)rundll32調(diào)用提供了可能，例如下面的代碼片段：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
rundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %SystemRoot%\Fonts\字體.ttf
具體的代碼如下（來(lái)源不詳，將該批處理和TTF字體位于同一路徑下，然后雙擊即可）：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
for /f %%a in ('dir /x /b *.ttf') do (
dir %windir%fonts%%a>nul 2>nul||(copy %%a %windir%fonts>nul 2>nulrundll32.exe gdi32.dll,AddFontResourceA %windir%fonts%%a)
)
實(shí)際操作來(lái)看，這段代碼在我的電腦上沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生任何效果。
使用注冊(cè)表更新系統(tǒng)字體列表
參考《Windows 7: Installing fonts via command line/script》這個(gè)帖子，找到下面的代碼：
@ECHO OFF
TITLE Adding Fonts..
REM Filename: ADD_Fonts.cmd
REM Script to ADD TrueType and OpenType Fonts for Windows
REM By Islam Adel
REM 2012-01-16
REM How to use:
REM Place the batch file inside the folder of the font files OR:
REM Optional Add source folder as parameter with ending backslash and dont use quotes, spaces are allowed
REM example "ADD_fonts.cmd" C:\Folder 1\Folder 2\
IF NOT "%*"=="" SET SRC=%*
ECHO.
ECHO Adding Fonts..
ECHO.
FOR /F %%i in ('dir /b "%SRC%*.*tf"') DO CALL :FONT %%i
REM OPTIONAL REBOOT
REM shutdown -r -f -t 10 -c "Reboot required for Fonts installation"
ECHO.
ECHO Done!
PAUSE
EXIT
:FONT
ECHO.
REM ECHO FILE=%~f1
SET FFILE=%~n1%~x1
SET FNAME=%~n1
SET FNAME=%FNAME:-= %
IF "%~x1"==".otf" SET FTYPE=(OpenType)
IF "%~x1"==".ttf" SET FTYPE=(TrueType)
ECHO FILE=%FFILE%
ECHO NAME=%FNAME%
ECHO TYPE=%FTYPE%
COPY /Y "%SRC%%~n1%~x1" "%SystemRoot%\Fonts\"
reg add "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts" /v "%FNAME% %FTYPE%" /t REG_SZ /d "%FFILE%" /f
GOTO :EOF
仔細(xì)閱讀代碼后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這段批處理在復(fù)制字體并更新注冊(cè)表后居然要重啟電腦(汗~)，這種做法顯然對(duì)最終用戶不太友好，綜合以上我決定放棄批處理的方式安裝字體。
使用VBSCRIPT安裝字體
最后我還是干回老本行，使用VBScript腳本來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能。腳本的重點(diǎn)是采用Shell.ApplicationActiveX/COM對(duì)象實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)制到系統(tǒng)特殊文件夾下，實(shí)際上這個(gè)操作和用戶手動(dòng)復(fù)制到字體文件夾下一樣，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)為我們安裝字體而不需要我們顧及注冊(cè)表更新的問(wèn)題，對(duì)于Vista及更高版本的系統(tǒng)來(lái)說(shuō)，我參考了《The true ultimate font install for Windows 7 and XP vbs》的做法，使用.InvokeVerb("Install")直接調(diào)用字體文件對(duì)象的安裝命令。
詳細(xì)的代碼如下（請(qǐng)復(fù)制的朋友手下留情，保留版權(quán)信息，謝謝）：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
'
' File Description : VBScript Windows Fonts Installer
'
' Copyright (c) 2012-2013 WangYe. All rights reserved.
'
' Author: WangYe
' This code is distributed under the BSD license
'
' Usage:
' Drag Font files or folder to this script
' or Double click this script file, It will install fonts on the current directory
' or select font directory to install
' *** 請(qǐng)不要移除此版權(quán)信息 ***
'
Option Explicit
Const FONTS = H14
Const HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = H80000002
Const strComputer = "."
Const SHELL_MY_COMPUTER = H11
Const SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE = 0
Const SHELL_OPTIONS = 0
Function GetOpenDirectory(title)
Dim ShlApp,ShlFdr,ShlFdrItem
Set ShlApp = WSH.CreateObject("Shell.Application")
Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.Namespace(SHELL_MY_COMPUTER)
Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
Set ShlFdr = Nothing
Set ShlFdr = ShlApp.BrowseForFolder _
(SHELL_WINDOW_HANDLE, _
title, _
SHELL_OPTIONS, _
GetOpenDirectory)
If ShlFdr Is Nothing Then
GetOpenDirectory = ""
Else
Set ShlFdrItem = ShlFdr.Self
GetOpenDirectory = ShlFdrItem.Path
Set ShlFdrItem = Nothing
End If
Set ShlApp = Nothing
End Function
Function IsVista()
IsVista = False
Dim objWMIService, colOperationSystems, objOperationSystem
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" strComputer "\root\cimv2")
Set colOperationSystems = objWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select * from Win32_OperatingSystem")
For Each objOperationSystem In colOperationSystems
If CInt(Left(objOperationSystem.Version, 1)) > 5 Then
IsVista = True
Exit Function
End If
Next
Set colOperationSystems = Nothing
Set objWMIService = Nothing
End Function
Class FontInstaller
Private objShell
Private objFolder
Private objRegistry
Private strKeyPath
Private objRegExp
Private objFileSystemObject
Private objDictFontFiles
Private objDictFontNames
Private pfnCallBack
Private blnIsVista
Public Property Get FileSystemObject
Set FileSystemObject = objFileSystemObject
End Property
Public Property Let CallBack(value)
pfnCallBack = value
End Property
Private Sub Class_Initialize()
strKeyPath = "Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts"
Set objShell = CreateObject("Shell.Application")
Set objFileSystemObject = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFolder = objShell.Namespace(FONTS)
Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set objDictFontNames = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Set objRegistry = GetObject("winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" _
strComputer "\root\default:StdRegProv")
Set objRegExp = New RegExp
objRegExp.Global = False
objRegExp.Pattern = "^([^\(]+) \(.+$"
blnIsVista = IsVista()
makeFontNameList
makeFontFileList
End Sub
Private Sub Class_Terminate()
Set objRegExp = Nothing
Set objRegistry = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
objDictFontNames.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontNames = Nothing
Set objFileSystemObject = Nothing
Set objShell = Nothing
End Sub
Private Function GetFilenameWithoutExtension(ByVal FileName)
' http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/ebe19301-541a-412b-8e89-08c4263cc60b/get-filename-without-extension
Dim Result, i
Result = FileName
i = InStrRev(FileName, ".")
If ( i > 0 ) Then
Result = Mid(FileName, 1, i - 1)
End If
GetFilenameWithoutExtension = Result
End Function
Private Sub makeFontNameList()
On Error Resume Next
Dim strValue,arrEntryNames
objRegistry.EnumValues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, strKeyPath, arrEntryNames
For Each strValue in arrEntryNames
objDictFontNames.Add objRegExp.Replace(strValue, "$1"), strValue
Next
If Err.Number>0 Then Err.Clear
End Sub
Private Sub makeFontFileList()
On Error Resume Next
Dim objFolderItem,colItems,objItem
Set objFolderItem = objFolder.Self
'Wscript.Echo objFolderItem.Path
Set colItems = objFolder.Items
For Each objItem in colItems
objDictFontFiles.Add GetFilenameWithoutExtension(objItem.Name),objItem.Name
Next
Set colItems = Nothing
Set objFolderItem = Nothing
If Err.Number>0 Then Err.Clear
End Sub
Function getBaseName(ByVal strFileName)
getBaseName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
End Function
Public Function PathAddBackslash(strFileName)
PathAddBackslash = strFileName
If objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(strFileName) Then
Dim last
' 文件夾存在
' 截取最后一個(gè)字符
last = Right(strFileName, 1)
If last>"\" And last>"/" Then
PathAddBackslash = strFileName "\"
End If
End If
End Function
Public Function isFontInstalled(ByVal strName)
isFontInstalled = objDictFontNames.Exists(strName) Or objDictFontFiles.Exists(strName)
End Function
Public Function isFontFileInstalled(ByVal strFileName)
isFontFileInstalled = isFontInstalled(objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName))
End Function
Public Sub installFromFile(ByVal strFileName)
Dim strExtension, strBaseFileName, objCallBack, nResult
strBaseFileName = objFileSystemObject.GetBaseName(strFileName)
strExtension = UCase(objFileSystemObject.GetExtensionName(strFileName))
If Len(pfnCallBack) > 0 Then
Set objCallBack = GetRef(pfnCallBack)
Else
Set objCallBack = Nothing
End If
If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
If Not isFontInstalled(strBaseFileName) Then
If blnIsVista Then
Dim objFont, objFontNameSpace
Set objFontNameSpace = objShell.Namespace(objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName))
Set objFont = objFontNameSpace.ParseName(objFileSystemObject.GetFileName(strFileName))
'WSH.Echo objFileSystemObject.GetParentFolderName(strFileName)
objFont.InvokeVerb("Install")
Set objFont = Nothing
Set objFontNameSpace = Nothing
Else
'WSH.Echo strFileName
objFolder.CopyHere strFileName
End If
nResult = 0
Else
nResult = 1
End If
Else
nResult = -1
End If
If IsObject(objCallBack) Then
objCallBack Me, strFileName, nResult
Set objCallBack = Nothing
End If
End Sub
Public Sub installFromDirectory(ByVal strDirName)
Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile
Set objFolder = objFileSystemObject.GetFolder(strDirName)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
For Each objFile in colFiles
If objFile.Size > 0 Then
installFromFile PathAddBackslash(strDirName) objFile.Name
End If
Next
Set colFiles = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
End Sub
Public Sub setDragDrop(objArgs)
' http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/c488f3e0(v=vs.84).aspx
Dim i
For i = 0 to objArgs.Count - 1
If objFileSystemObject.FileExists(objArgs(i)) Then
installFromFile objArgs(i)
ElseIf objFileSystemObject.FolderExists(objArgs(i)) Then
installFromDirectory objArgs(i)
End If
Next
End Sub
End Class
Sub ForceCScriptExecution()
' https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4692542/force-a-vbs-to-run-using-cscript-instead-of-wscript
' http://www.winhelponline.com/articles/185/1/VBScripts-and-UAC-elevation.html
Dim Arg, Str
If Not LCase( Right( WScript.FullName, 12 ) ) = "\cscript.exe" Then
For Each Arg In WScript.Arguments
If InStr( Arg, " " ) Then Arg = """" Arg """"
Str = Str " " Arg
Next
If IsVista() Then
CreateObject( "Shell.Application" ).ShellExecute _
"cscript.exe","http://nologo """ _
WScript.ScriptFullName _
""" " Str, "", "runas", 1
Else
CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" ).Run _
"cscript //nologo """ _
WScript.ScriptFullName _
""" " Str
End If
WScript.Quit
End If
End Sub
Sub DisplayMessage(ByRef objInstaller, ByVal strFileName, ByVal nResult)
WScript.StdOut.Write "Install " objInstaller.getBaseName(strFileName) " ->>> "
Select Case nResult
Case 0
WScript.StdOut.Write "SUCCEEDED"
Case 1
WScript.StdOut.Write "ALREADY INSTALLED"
Case -1
WScript.StdOut.Write "FAILED (Reason: Not a Font File)"
End Select
WScript.StdOut.Write vbCrLf
End Sub
Sub Pause(strPause)
WScript.Echo (strPause)
WScript.StdIn.Read(1)
End Sub
Function VBMain(colArguments)
VBMain = 0
ForceCScriptExecution()
WSH.Echo "Easy Font Installer 1.0" vbCrLf _
"Written By WangYe " vbCrLf vbCrLf
Dim objInstaller, objFso, objDictFontFiles
Set objInstaller = New FontInstaller
objInstaller.CallBack = "DisplayMessage"
If colArguments.Count > 0 Then
objInstaller.setDragDrop colArguments
Else
Set objFso = objInstaller.FileSystemObject
Set objDictFontFiles = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary")
Dim objFolder, colFiles, objFile, strDirName, strExtension
strDirName = objFso.GetParentFolderName(WScript.ScriptFullName)
Set objFolder = objFso.GetFolder(strDirName)
Set colFiles = objFolder.Files
For Each objFile in colFiles
If objFile.Size > 0 Then
strExtension = UCase(objFso.GetExtensionName(objFile.Name))
If strExtension = "TTF" Or strExtension = "TTC" Or strExtension = "OTF" Then
objDictFontFiles.Add objFile.Name, objInstaller.PathAddBackslash(strDirName) objFile.Name
End If
End If
Next
Set colFiles = Nothing
Set objFolder = Nothing
Set objFso = Nothing
If objDictFontFiles.Count > 0 Then
If MsgBox("Current Directory has " objDictFontFiles.Count " Font Files." vbCrLf _
vbCrLf "Click OK to continue install or Cancel to Select Directory", 1) = 1 Then
Dim i, objItems
For i = 0 To objDictFontFiles.Count-1
objItems = objDictFontFiles.Items
objInstaller.installFromFile objItems(i)
Next
Else
strDirName = GetOpenDirectory("Select Fonts Directory:")
If strDirName>"" Then
objInstaller.installFromDirectory strDirName
Else
WScript.Echo "----- Drag Font File To This Script -----"
End If
End If
End If
objDictFontFiles.RemoveAll
Set objDictFontFiles = Nothing
End If
Set objInstaller = Nothing
Pause vbCrLf vbCrLf "Press Enter to continue"
End Function
WScript.Quit(VBMain(WScript.Arguments))
這個(gè)腳本的使用方法很簡(jiǎn)單，將上述代碼保存為VBS文件，然后將要安裝的字體或者包含字體的文件夾拖放到這個(gè)腳本文件即可，還有個(gè)方法就是直接雙擊腳本，然后按照提示會(huì)自動(dòng)安裝與腳本同路徑的字體文件或者提示選擇字體所在路徑以便于安裝。
還有一處值得注意的是：我對(duì)已經(jīng)安裝的字體是采取建立字體列表，然后判斷當(dāng)前安裝的字體是否存在于字體列表，字體列表的來(lái)源是已經(jīng)安裝的字體在系統(tǒng)的注冊(cè)名（存在于注冊(cè)表中）和已經(jīng)安裝的字體文件名。唯一遺憾的是我是通過(guò)比判斷安裝字體的文件名是否在字體列表中來(lái)判斷字體是否安裝，這里的問(wèn)題主要是待安裝的字體文件名不一定與字體真實(shí)的名字一致，字體真實(shí)的名字是需要讀取二進(jìn)制字體文件從中來(lái)獲取的，這樣腳本又復(fù)雜了，所以放棄了這種方式。
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