這篇文章介紹一下藍綠部署以及使用nginx如何最簡單地模擬一下藍綠部署的方式
藍綠部署
藍綠部署的重點在于如下特點
- 1. 藍色版本和綠色版本同時存在
- 2. 實際運行的環(huán)境為藍或則綠,只能為其中之一,通過開關控制
優(yōu)點和缺點分析:優(yōu)點在于它的速度和回滾。而缺點也顯而易見??梢钥焖倩貪L是因為有兩套環(huán)境同時存在的緣故,所以復雜度和需要的資源會增多,因為其有兩套環(huán)境。
另外雖然速度有所提高,但是在實現(xiàn)的過程中,開關的控制,無論多快的切換速度,如果不結(jié)合其他的技術(shù),還是無法做到完全無縫切換。
模擬藍綠部署
接下來我們使用nginx的upstream來簡單模擬一下藍綠部署的場景。具體場景如下, 當前活躍的是藍色版本,通過調(diào)整nginx設定,將綠色版本設定為當前活躍版本。
事前準備
事前在7001/7002兩個端口分別啟動兩個服務,用于顯示不同信息,為了演示方便,使用tornado做了一個鏡像,通過docker容器啟動時傳遞的參數(shù)不同用于顯示服務的不同。
docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"
docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"
執(zhí)行日志
[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7001:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001"
70c74dc8e43d5635983f7240deb63a3fc0599d5474454c3bc5197aa5c0017348
[root@kong ~]# docker run -d -p 7002:8080 liumiaocn/tornado:latest python /usr/local/bin/daemon.py "Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002"
6c5c2ea322d4ac17b90feefb96e3194ec8adecedaa4c944419316a2e4bf07117
[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]# curl http://192.168.163.117:7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
[root@kong ~]#
啟動nginx
[root@kong ~]# docker run -p 9080:80 --name nginx-blue-green -d nginx
d3b7098c44890c15918dc47616b67e5e0eb0da7a443eac266dbf26d55049216a
[root@kong ~]# docker ps |grep nginx-blue-green
d3b7098c4489 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp nginx-blue-green
[root@kong ~]#
nginx代碼段
準備如下nginx代碼段將其添加到nginx的/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中, 模擬方式很簡單,通過down來表示流量為零(nginx中無法將weight設置為零),開始的時候100%的流量都發(fā)到藍色版本。
http {
upstream nginx_blug_green {
server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;
server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;
location / {
proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;
}
}
修改default.conf的方法
可以通過在容器中安裝vim達到效果,也可以在本地修改然后通過docker cp傳入,或者直接sed修改都可。如果在容器中安裝vim,使用如下方式即可
[root@kong ~]# docker exec -it nginx-lb sh
# apt-get update
...省略
# apt-get install vim
...省略
修改前
# cat default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
#
修改后
# cat default.conf
upstream nginx_blug_green {
server 192.168.163.117:7001 weight=100;
server 192.168.163.117:7002 down;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.liumiao.cn 192.168.163.117;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
#root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://nginx_blug_green;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
#
重新加載nginx設定
# nginx -s reload
2018/05/28 04:39:47 [notice] 321#321: signal process started
#
確認結(jié)果
10次調(diào)用全部輸出的都是v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]
> do
> curl http://localhost:9080
> let cnt++
> done
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v1 in 7001
[root@kong ~]#
藍綠部署:切換到綠色版本
通過調(diào)整default.conf的weight,然后執(zhí)行nginx -s reload的方式,在不停止nginx服務的方式下可動態(tài)的切換到綠色版本,目標將會將全部的流量都輸出v2 in 7002
修改default.conf的方法
只需要將upstream中的server的權(quán)重做如下調(diào)整:
upstream nginx_blug_green {
server 192.168.163.117:7001 down;
server 192.168.163.117:7002 weight=100;
}
重新加載nginx設定
# nginx -s reload
2018/05/28 05:01:28 [notice] 330#330: signal process started
#
確認結(jié)果
[root@kong ~]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -lt 10 ]; do curl http://localhost:9080; let cnt++; done
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
Hello, Service :Hello blue/green service: v2 in 7002
[root@kong ~]#
總結(jié)
以上就是這篇文章的全部內(nèi)容了,希望本文的內(nèi)容對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,謝謝大家對腳本之家的支持。如果你想了解更多相關內(nèi)容請查看下面相關鏈接