1、使用ansible的playbook實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化安裝httpd
1）首先配置好ansible的hosts文件，讓其對(duì)應(yīng)主機(jī)能夠受ansible控制
提示：我們?cè)谥鳈C(jī)清單上配置了所管控的主機(jī)地址，但是直接用ansible的ping模塊去探測(cè)主機(jī)的存活情況，卻顯示權(quán)限拒絕。從提示上說(shuō)讓我們要指定用什么驗(yàn)證。默認(rèn)情況ansible是通過(guò)ssh的key驗(yàn)證的，所以我們?cè)赼nsible的主機(jī)清單中配置了管控主機(jī)的ip是不夠的，還要配置ssh基于KEY驗(yàn)證
2）配置管控主機(jī)能夠基于SSH key驗(yàn)證
[root@test ~]# ip a s enp2s0
2: enp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:30:18:51:af:3c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.99/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute enp2s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.16.1.2/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global noprefixroute enp2s0:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::230:18ff:fe51:af3c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:UORxi5JhiKDBOhZP3FsbsZfyCjqUcjwqdl1qcnTyGsw root@test
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|+.....oo= . |
|.+.o.o B.+.. |
|o + *o=o. |
|o..... ++ |
|.o * + oS. |
| = B B . |
|.o = E o |
|o . = o |
| . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.0.99 -p 41319
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '[192.168.0.99]:41319 ([192.168.0.99]:41319)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:W2pD2PA2K9tGKGVK+weiINcVESkUaHjsTI263OVqBh4.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:3a:f8:c9:b1:63:c6:c1:ae:e0:6e:e2:ca:17:4a:20:7a.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.0.99's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh -p '41319' '192.168.0.99'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[root@test ~]# scp -r .ssh 192.168.0.10:~/
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.10 (192.168.0.10)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:EG9nua4JJuUeofheXlgQeL9hX5H53JynOqf2vf53mII.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:83:e6:46:2c:4b:bb:33:13:56:17:f7:fd:76:71:cc.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.10' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.0.10's password:
id_rsa 100% 1675 677.0KB/s 00:00
id_rsa.pub 100% 391 207.6KB/s 00:00
known_hosts 100% 356 12.2KB/s 00:00
authorized_keys 100% 391 12.6KB/s 00:00
[root@test ~]#
提示：做ssh基于key驗(yàn)證需要在ansible主機(jī)上做，我上面是現(xiàn)在ansible主機(jī)上生成一對(duì)ssh密鑰，然后通過(guò)ssh-copy-id 把公鑰復(fù)制給本機(jī)生成authorized_keys文件，然后在把.ssh目錄復(fù)制給遠(yuǎn)端客戶機(jī)，這樣一來(lái)ansible主機(jī)可以通過(guò)ssh基于key免密登錄遠(yuǎn)端客戶機(jī)，同時(shí)遠(yuǎn)端客戶機(jī)也可以通過(guò)ssh免密登錄ansible主機(jī)，這樣就實(shí)現(xiàn)了雙向的ssh基于key驗(yàn)證，如果你只想單向的通過(guò)ssh基于key認(rèn)證，你可以在ansible主機(jī)上生成密鑰對(duì)，然后把公鑰發(fā)給對(duì)方即可。有關(guān)ssh基于key認(rèn)證的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明請(qǐng)參考本人博客https://www.jb51.net/article/180381.htm
測(cè)試：用ansible主機(jī)通過(guò)ssh遠(yuǎn)程客戶端主機(jī)
[root@test ~]# ssh 192.168.0.10
Last login: Mon Jan 27 04:58:46 2020 from 192.168.0.99
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f2:82:0c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.10/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@test-centos7-node1 ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.0.10 closed.
[root@test ~]#
提示：可以看到ansible主機(jī)能夠正常免密登錄遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)，接下我們?cè)谟胊nsible的ping模塊去探測(cè)下被管控主機(jī)的存活
提示：能夠看到用ansible的ping模塊去探測(cè)遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的存活，返回的狀態(tài)是SUCCESS，數(shù)據(jù)是pong說(shuō)明對(duì)端主機(jī)上存活的
到此ansible的環(huán)境就準(zhǔn)備好了，接下來(lái)寫playbook來(lái)安裝httpd
[root@test ~]# cat install_httpd.yml
---
- hosts: websers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: copy epel file
copy: src=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook -C install_httpd.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [copy epel file] ****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [install httpd] *****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [start httpd] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=3 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]#
提示：以上playbook的主要內(nèi)容是把本機(jī)的yum源復(fù)制到遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器上，然后通過(guò)yum去安裝httpd包，最后啟動(dòng)httpd;在寫好playbook后，我們用ansible-playbook -C install_httpd.yml 命令對(duì)我們寫的playbook進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，沒有問(wèn)題，接下來(lái)我們使用ansible-playbook來(lái)安裝httpd
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook install_httpd.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [copy epel file] ****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [install httpd] *****************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [start httpd] *******************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=3 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]#
提示：從ansible-playbook 對(duì)playbook的執(zhí)行狀態(tài)來(lái)看是成功了，接下來(lái)我們直接使用瀏覽器來(lái)訪問(wèn)192.168.0.10，看看httpd是否已經(jīng)能夠正常訪問(wèn)，如果能正常訪問(wèn)說(shuō)明httpd已經(jīng)安裝好了
提示：可以看到我們用瀏覽器是直接可以訪問(wèn)到192.168.0.10的測(cè)試頁(yè)面，說(shuō)明httpd在192.168.0.10上安裝成功
2、建立httpd服務(wù)器，要求提供兩個(gè)基于名稱的虛擬主機(jī):
(1)www.X.com，頁(yè)面文件目錄為/web/vhosts/x;錯(cuò)誤日志為/var/log/httpd/x.err，訪問(wèn)日志為/var/log/httpd/x.access
新建虛擬主機(jī)www.X.com的配置文件
[root@test ~]# cat x_com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.X.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/x"
<Directory "/web/vhosts/x">
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/x.err"
CustomLog "logs/x.access" combined
</VirtualHost>
[root@test ~]#
提示：我們?cè)赼nsible主機(jī)上把配置文件建立好，待會(huì)直接用ansible把文件推送到對(duì)應(yīng)主機(jī)的對(duì)應(yīng)目錄下即可使用
(2)www.Y.com，頁(yè)面文件目錄為/web/vhosts/y;錯(cuò)誤日志為/var/log/httpd/www2.err，訪問(wèn)日志為/var/log/httpd/y.access
新建虛擬主機(jī)www.Y.com的配置文件
[root@test ~]# cat y_com.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName www.Y.com
DocumentRoot "/web/vhosts/y"
<Directory "/web/vhosts/y">
Options None
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog "logs/www2.err"
CustomLog "logs/y.access" combined
</VirtualHost>
[root@test ~]#
(3)為兩個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)建立各自的主頁(yè)文件index.html，內(nèi)容分別為其對(duì)應(yīng)的主機(jī)名
[root@test ~]# cat x_index.html
<h1> www.X.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# cat y_index.html
<h1> www.Y.com</h1>
[root@test ~]#
提示：以上文件在ansible主機(jī)上準(zhǔn)備好了以后，我們接下來(lái)寫一個(gè)playbook把對(duì)應(yīng)的文件直接推送到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)即可
[root@test ~]# cat set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
---
- hosts: websers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory
shell: mkdir -p /web/vhosts/{x,y}
- name: copy x_com.conf to remotehost
copy: src=/root/x_com.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/x_com.conf
- name: copy x_com index file
copy: src=/root/x_index.html dest=/web/vhosts/x/index.html
- name: copy y_com.conf to remotehost
copy: src=/root/y_com.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/y_com.conf
- name: copy y_com index file
copy: src=/root/y_index.html dest=/web/vhosts/y/index.html
[root@test ~]#
提示：以上文件的內(nèi)容主要把我們建立好的配置文件推送到對(duì)應(yīng)主機(jī)的對(duì)應(yīng)目錄，接下來(lái)我們來(lái)檢查下我們寫的playbook是否語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook -C set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory] **************************************************************************
skipping: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=4 changed=4 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]#
提示：測(cè)試playbook沒有問(wèn)題，接下來(lái)我們來(lái)運(yùn)行playbook，把對(duì)應(yīng)的文件推送到httpd服務(wù)器上，然后在服務(wù)器上檢查我們寫的配置文件是否正確
[root@test ~]# ansible-playbook set_virtualhost_conf_file.yml
PLAY [websers] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [mkdir virtualhost documentroot directory] **************************************************************************
[WARNING]: Consider using file module with state=directory rather than running mkdir
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy x_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com.conf to remotehost] *************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
TASK [copy y_com index file] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.0.10]
PLAY RECAP ***************************************************************************************************************
192.168.0.10 : ok=5 changed=5 unreachable=0 failed=0
[root@test ~]#
提示：從上面的返回狀態(tài)看，都是成功的，只是第一個(gè)任務(wù)提示我們使用file模塊去創(chuàng)建目錄會(huì)更好一些，接下來(lái)我們使用ansible的shell模塊去檢查遠(yuǎn)端服務(wù)器上的配置文件的語(yǔ)法是否正確
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a 'httpd -t'
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:820c. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Syntax OK
[root@test ~]#
提示：我們利用ansible在遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上檢查httpd的配置文件語(yǔ)法是沒有問(wèn)題，它提示我們沒有servername，這個(gè)提示可以不用管它，如果你覺得非要處理一下也可以，在httpd的主配置文件中找到ServerName 把對(duì)應(yīng)的servername配置上就好了；接下來(lái)我們重啟httpd，然后在客戶機(jī)上訪問(wèn)兩個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a 'systemctl restart httpd'
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
[root@test ~]#
在客戶端上更改/etc/hosts文件，讓其訪問(wèn)www.X.com 和www.Y.com 能夠解析到遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.10 www.X.com www.Y.com
[root@test ~]#
測(cè)試：利用curl 分別訪問(wèn)兩個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)，看看對(duì)應(yīng)的主頁(yè)文件內(nèi)容是否不同
[root@test ~]# curl http://www.X.com/index.html
<h1> www.X.com</h1>
[root@test ~]# curl http://www.Y.com/index.html
<h1> www.Y.com</h1>
[root@test ~]#
提示：我們利用curl對(duì)其各自虛擬主機(jī)的主頁(yè)文件訪問(wèn)，都能看到對(duì)應(yīng)的主頁(yè)文件內(nèi)容，當(dāng)然你也可以更改Windows的hosts文件，把對(duì)應(yīng)的解析內(nèi)容寫進(jìn)去，然后通過(guò)Windows瀏覽器也是可以的，如下所示：
提示：在windows上找到hosts文件，然后把對(duì)應(yīng)的記錄添加進(jìn)去，如下
提示：接下來(lái)我們利用Windows的瀏覽器來(lái)訪問(wèn)下兩個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)
接下我們?cè)诳纯磆ttpd服務(wù)器的日志是否都已生成
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a 'ls -l /var/log/httpd'
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
總用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2668 1月 27 06:30 access_log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2940 1月 27 07:34 error_log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 1月 27 07:38 www2.err
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 500 1月 27 07:52 x.access
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 1月 27 07:38 x.err
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 500 1月 27 07:52 y.access
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a 'cat /var/log/httpd/x.access'
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
192.168.0.99 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:39:15 -0500] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.0.232 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:52:31 -0500] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"
192.168.0.232 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:52:31 -0500] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "http://www.x.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"
[root@test ~]# ansible websers -m shell -a 'cat /var/log/httpd/y.access'
192.168.0.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
192.168.0.99 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:39:19 -0500] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "curl/7.29.0"
192.168.0.232 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:52:48 -0500] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 20 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"
192.168.0.232 - - [27/Jan/2020:07:52:48 -0500] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "http://www.y.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36"
[root@test ~]#
提示：可以看到httpd服務(wù)器上都已經(jīng)生成了對(duì)應(yīng)名稱的日志文件。
總結(jié)
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Linux系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)ansible自動(dòng)化安裝配置httpd的方法，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助！
